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Jean-Jacques Rousseau theorized that early education should allow kids to have freedom. Let students find what type of instruction works best for them.
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi agreed with Rousseau. However, he believed that there needed to be some instruction because kids would not know how to read completely on their own.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel discovered how important it is to allow children to play during learning. Designed a systematic curriculum that incorporated objects into lessons.
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Standardized tests were given to see if a child was mature enough to move onto the next reading level.The skills that were looked at in the tests were needed in order to be an effective reader.
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Maria Montessori is the creator of the idea of the Montessori schools. These schools practice having the students learn at their own pace and using their five senses to manipulate their learning.
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Children come into school with some background of language already. As a result of children listening to people talk and talking themselves, they can connect reading and writing together.
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John Dewey helped to create "progressive education". He felt it was important to incorporate the child's interests into the lesson, in order to help them learn.
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Jean Piaget had the theory of cognitive development. This theory was broke down into stages of the child and what their brain was capable of. The believe was based around the fact that children obtain intelligence by interacting with the outside world.
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Lev S. Vygotsky believed that learning happens as students go over new topics. Vygotsky covered the notion of Schema and how children learn best when they get new information by completing a task with another student.
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It was found that letting students have too much freedom, resulted in low test scores. So, more instruction was given and phonics were being taught. Educators began to teach kids how to sound out their words and what letters made what sound.
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This type of instruction allows children read/write about what interests them. Students will be more prone to read if they are allowed freedom to choose what they want to read.
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There is no single lesson that can teach every child to read the same.
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Discovered the importance of phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency.
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Federal government decided to test students in order to hold schools accountable for academic success.
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Discovered more teachings that students should know. Which includes, the alphabet, name letters and numbers, remember teachings, and print awareness.
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A set of standards were created that every school goes by, so that students are at the same level of education.