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Aug 12, 1492
The Very First Encounter, Conquests
Christopher Columbus and his men landed in the Bahamas, discovering the New World and started the Columbian Exchange -
Mar 27, 1513
The Spanish Encounter of North America
Juan Ponce de Leon was the first know European to Land in Florida, which is what he named the area after he landed. He was originally looking for the Fountain Of Youth but he failed. And he also brought African Slaves into Puerto Rico. He eventually died by being shot by an enemy arrow. -
Apr 12, 1528
The Expedition
A trip that was planned to land in Florida by Panfilo Narvaez. It started with 600 men and only 4 men from the original group of people actually survived the whole trip. They landed in Florida but later on accidentally landed on the coast of Texas. -
English Settlements in North America
Jamestown, Virginia was the first area that the English landed in. They sent 105 men to find the riches, the shortcut to asia and areas to settle down. It wasn't easy because the Native American tribe called the Powhatans are not happy that the English are trying to take their land away so they made things not so easy for the English. -
The Starving Time
This is a period of time where the English colony that settled at Jamestown starved as a whole because they did not have any sort of community responsibility and no one really could help lead the colony except for John Smith. Tobacco was their only choice of cash crop so they survived off of that. -
Spanish Colony North of Mexico/ Pueblo Revolt
The Spanish Colonies controlled a lot of the northern area of Mexico or the southern area of North America which includes Santa Fe, San Antonio, and somewhere in California. As soon as they got control of Santa Fe, it led to the Pueblo Revolt which was basically a war between indigenous people and the Spaniards. -
England's Glorious Revolution & "The Rights of Englishmen"
Due to the fear of Catholics, the English people removed James II as the King which they called the Glorious Revolution. They also said that monarchy must use the limits that are set by the constitutional law in order for citizens to have more rights. William and Mary will co-rule so their wasn't any heirs. Catholics were suffering in New England and could not hold office in Maryland. And John Locke suggested that people could remove a legislative power that is not trust worthy. -
The Growth Of Cities
Very soon after 1700s the cities including Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charleston had extreme growth. Everything was growing. The population, the industries. It was a good time for the Northern Cities -
The French and Indian War
The French was allies with the Indians to fight against the English. It impacted both of French and English colonies. King William's war and Queen Anne's war entangled Iroquois in the conflicts. Iroquois distanced themselves, but some joined the French in Canada. French eventually lost control of Canada and the land east of Mississippi. But the war also left England in deep debt. -
Pontiac's war or the Rebellion against the White Man
Many Ohio territory Forts was given back to the Indians. The Indians wanted to remove all the white people from the Ohio Valley because that is where the Indians belong to. Later on in the rebellion, British order to kill all the Indians alive by giving them blankets that has smallpox on it. Pontiac couldn't win the war so he had no choice but to sign the peace treaty. -
Revolution was in the Minds of the People
Many colonist stayed loyal to England but John Locke and a bunch of french philosophers said that the revolution will spark other revolution in France, Central and South America. The Great Awakening also helped challenge the leaders of the Protestant denominations. The Sugar Act, Currency Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Revenue Act, Townshend Act was all part of the revolution -
Boston Massacre aka Incident On King Street
British Army shot and killed people while under a attack by a mob. This event made Paul Revere and Samuel Adams encourage rebellion against the British authorities. The British army without listening to command, openly fired into a crowd of people and killed 3 colonist immediately and 2 died later on. -
Shay's Rebellion
After the Revolutionary War, many white soldiers as well as farmers in Massachusetts was left in extreme economic hardship and demanded economic relief from the state legislature. The rebellion was aimed to overthrow the state government but that did not worked as planned because they were suppressed by the state militia. -
Debate and Adopt the Constituion
The signing of the Constitution took place at the Independence Hall in Philadelphia. The document still has to be ratified by the states themselves. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay wrote the Federalist papers to support ratification. In the other hand, the antifederalist said that a strong government would take away most of the power of the states, -
Elections for the House of Representatives, Senate, President
George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States. Meanwhile John Adams was elected as the vice-president. Thomas Jefferson was elected as Secretary of State. Alexander Hamilton was Secretary of Treasury but he was hated by a lot of people. Henry Knox was Secretary of War. And Edmund Randolph was the Attorney General. James Madison created the Bill of Rights in order to protect basic liberties and states' rights and to also satisfy the anti-federalists. -
Creating the Economy
Due to the extreme debt from the Revolutionary war, Hamilton wanted the federal government to assume all the states' debt and finance repayment with taxes. And claimed that it would establish the credit of the new government. To appease the South with the debt assumption, the nation's capital moved from New York to Maryland/ Virginia border which is now Washington D.C. Hamilton pushed for a National Bank and said that it would manage the economy, but Jefferson was against it. -
Rise of Republican Motherhood
During the American Revolution, women of all walks of life faced challenges especially loyalists who supported the British. At the same time, new expectations and behavior arose from women. Republicans believed that patriots' daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism for the republican value to pass down to the next generation. -
Election After George Washington
After George Washington finished his presidency. John Adams won the election for the second president of the United States. Thomas Jefferson was the vice-president. French wanted war with the Federalist so Adams prepare for war and that angered the Democratic-Republicans. Later on Adam opted for peace which is against his party resulting in losing support from his party and lost of next election. -
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Territory was controlled by French until Spain ceded New Orleans and land west of Mississippi River. Years later, French regained the Louisiana Territory. Robert Livingston and James Monroe offered $15 million to buy New Orleans from the French. They bought New Orleans because it was such a good deal, and that it is vital to the economy. -
The War Of 1812
Conflict between France and England source of tension between U.S. and England. British threatened the liberty and freedom of the Americans. England tried to stop trade from U.S. with other countries, but U.S. claimed it was illegal under International Law. U.S. tried to seized Canada but failed. The British also supplied and supported Native Americans raiding the United States. -
Burning Of Washington D.C.
Due to Preview wars, British decide to raid and burn the capital of the United States. They burned the white house, executive mansion. The British raided D.C. because U.S. destroyed the Port Dover in upper Canada. -
Missouri Compromise
Provided admission of Missouri as a slave state. The North and the south debated over issue of slavery. The rise in abolition which was a movement to end slavery was suggested. It would tilt balance of power in senate to the south. -
Commerce, Technology, Transportation
The Erie Canal was the first canal that was opened to transport goods, shipping by canal was the most cost-effective way to ship huge things around. The Canal was opened from NYC to Ohio Valley. Steamboats was also a tool they used to speed up the shipping process dramatically. It allowed people to ship both directions of the canal. National roads were also built from Maryland to Illinois. The better transportation lead to better national market. -
The Cotton Economy
Eli Whitney changed the economy of the South by inventing the cotton gin. It dramatically increase the production of cotton and increased production of textiles in the North. But because of how cotton growing works, growers has to move to new areas more often. Soon Alabama and Mississippi was the new place cotton started to be farmed. Cotton farming required a lot of slaves and over a million slaves were forced to leave their family to pick cotton. -
The Second Great Awakening
Charles Finney used logic and drew people to religion. They joined churches and reform movements. Lyman liked the ideas and distributed Bibles to everyone, and started a Sunday School. Women were encourage to be involved. Prisoners were able to access dinning quarters, workshops, and chapel. Dothea Dix got mentally insane people into state hospitals -
Indian Removal Act or Trail Of Tears
The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River. Cherokee had newspapers so they were pretty smart and they were hard to remove. At last Cherokees were forced to move to Oklahoma. -
The Road to Ending Slavery
Slavery was still very important to the people and farmers in the south because they need slaves to pick the cotton in order to make money. The idea of abolition grew in the north while southern defenders justified slavery. They accuse the northern wage-labor as the same as slavery. But they saw the importance of slaves so they treated the slaves a lot better than they used to. They improved their living conditions and their food. -
Mount Holyoke College
This was the first common school founded by Mary Lyon. It was a teaching college for women that was created to educate young women. The college had no religious affiliation but students were still required to go to church and chapel. -
Panic Of 1837
The Economy of United States was in a bad state until the 1843. Many banks failed and many farms was failing because the value of cotton when down by a lot. A bunch of the northern factory workers loses their jobs. -
The Immigration Period
Population of the United States increased in a very short period of time due to people immigrating mostly from Europe, China, Mexico. 23 million people were added to the Nation of United States. Chinese immigrated mostly to California to help build the railroads. Irish people due to failure of potato crop, immigrated from Ireland to Boston, New York. German settled in the mid-west and started farms after farms. Mexicans just had U.S. citizenship due to the Treaty of Gudalupe Hidalgo -
U.S. War Against Mexico
Texas separated from Mexico and is on their own. Polk wanted to re-annex Texas and re-occupy California, New Mexico and the U.S. southwest. But Mexico said they will start war if U.S. did that. So a war actually broke out. -
Women Standing Up
Seneca Fall Convention was the first ever women's rights convention. They began reading Declaration of Independence and beginning of Women's rights movement. Sarah Grimke was a writer who pushed for the equality between men and women. Female abolitionist also pushed for equality. The movement focused on women's education, property rights, and rights to obtain divorce. -
Cali Gold Rush
James Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Fort. The Gold Rush brought immigration and gold into the money supply of the American economy but it also caused a lot of Native Californians to die therefore the population to decrease. Indigenous people were forced out of their own land because gold miners wanted to find gold. -
The 5 Bills Passed
California declared as a free state. New Mexico and Utah became United State territories. And the fugitive slave act tried to help retrieve runaway slaves by forcing agents to work with slave hunter or catchers. But many people still helped the runaway slaves. -
Tribes of the West
The Comanche was fierce warriors that relied on buffalo for their food supply. They developed cattle trade with the New Mexicans. Sherman stated that they have to adopt farming techniques in order to survive by themselves. The Navajo and Apache were natural enemies, after a lot of fighting with each other they made new reservation for the Navajos. The Cali Gold Rush again cause tribal boundaries to be ignored and invaded. -
Dred Scott Fighting for Freedom
A Missouri Slave tried fighting for his freedom because Missouri was a slave free territory. He appealed to the supreme court but turned out that he could not be freed because he started out as a slave which was a property, therefore he is still under subjection of his owner. -
The Hero of Slavery
Abraham Lincoln, a republican, was elected as the president of the United States. He won majority in Electoral Colleges. Lincoln said no to all the slave owning states and wanted them to be slave free but the southern states was against him. Lincoln told the southerners that he will not end the slavery that is already they but he also won't let slavery grow and spread. -
The Road to Emancipation
Lincoln wanted slavery to end but he had no means to destroy slavery where is already existed. His main goal beside the problem of slavery was to keep the Union together. People saw the value of slaves and began to treat them well. After the Battle of Antietam black were allowed to join union military. -
Gettysburg's Battle
The Confederate was lead by Lee had several unsuccessful attacks against Army of the Potomac resulting in the halting of Lee's invasion of the north. This battle had the most injured soldiers in the history of U.S. wars. -
Abolishing Slavery
Lincoln was reelected as president and tried to abolish slavery again. Lincoln winning was in jeopardy until Sherman took Atlanta and Farragut took Mobile Bay. -
Reconstruction Era
Republicans wanted to give former slaves their own land and their right to vote for their own country. Lincoln believe it was the states matter. The Freedman's Bureau was established to help Lincoln assist the form slaves. It provide education, medical assistance, temporary shelter, clothing. -
Ku Klux Klan
They are a group of people whose plan were to torture and terrorize all the freedman and the ones who helped them to become free. They even killed white republicans and teachers. It was hard to track the KKK because they could be anywhere. Police were in the KKK, government was in the KKK. Enforcement Acts was there to counter violence from the KKK and mainly to protect the African Americans. Grant sent troops to South Carolina to enforce law. -
Voting Rights For Former Slaves
The 15th amendment was mainly focused on the voting rights of the citizens of the country. Former slaves were slowly allowed to vote and choose their presidents meanwhile women were still not allow to vote. The first vote of the former slaves of course went to the republicans. Because of that, the 18th president was elected and it was Grant. -
The Pacific Railway
Railway was built to make traveling way cheaper and a lot faster. The railway connected from Missouri to California. The Pacific Railroad Act was signed by president Lincoln to ensure that they used it for transportation, postal and military only. -
Use of the Barbed Wire
Joseph Glidden was the creator of the barbed wire. They used it to end open ranges. Smaller scale ranches became the norm. It was easier to raise animals including cattle and sheep. -
The Few Inventions that Changed the Nation
Alexander Graham Bell invented the Telephone and it completely changed the Nation. It revolutionized communication and the telephone replaced the hard to use and barely understandable telegraph. Thomas Edison came up with the light bulb to replace candles which were really dangerous. Henry Ford created the Model T Ford which was the first automobile and also created the assembly line. The Wright Brothers made the dream of flying become true by creating airplanes. -
Death Of James A. Garfield
James A. Garfield was elected as the 20th president. 3 months into presidency he was shot and he eventually died a few months later. Chester A. Arthur was elected immediately after Garfield died. James Blaine and Grover Cleveland both went for president but Cleveland won. -
The New Immigrants of the World And Banning Them
Most of the Immigrants that were Jewish or Catholic came to the United States because they were at poverty and they just want to try and live a new life. The Chinese Exclusion Act banned the Chinese immigrants to keep coming over until after World War II.
