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conflicts between British and Dutch colonists leave the Cape Colony following its seizure from the French-allied Dutch by the British in 1795, and subsequently associated with the Orange River Sovereignty and subsequent Orange Free State
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Struggled under dictatorship of Shaka Zulu from 1818-1828.
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1820-Most of territory belonged to South Africa
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Emerged as a single polity under paramount chief Moshoeshoe 1 in 1822.
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Everything translated into Sotho language between 1837- 1855 (Set up diplomatic channels against Europeans & Korana people)
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1850-1860- Territory lost in war to Orange Free State
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1851 a British force was defeated by the Sotho army at Kolonyama, touching off an embarrassing war for the British
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After repulsing another British attack in 1852, Moshoeshoe sent an appeal to the British commander that settled the dispute diplomatically, then defeated the Tlokoa in 1853
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1858 Moshoeshoe fought a series of wars with the Boers in the Free State-Basotho War, losing a great portion of the western lowlands
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last war in 1867 ended when Moshoeshoe appealed to Queen Victoria, who agreed to make Basutoland a British protectorate in 1868
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1869 British signed treaty at Aliwal- ceded Western territories.
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1869-Orange Free state and Lesotho share border
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1917, in the Balfour Declaration, the British government promised to support the establishment of a Jewish national home
in Palestine -
Between 1919 and 1936, the ruling British
supported taking the land of tens of thousands of “fellahin” ( Palestinian villagers) and giving it to European Zionist settlers -
1923, it was possible to talk openly about getting rid of the native population
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parliamentary constitutional monarchy-1993
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World Trade organization (WTO) 1933
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Palestinians resisted and called for a general strike from 1936 to 1939 accompanied by boycotts of all British and Zionist institutions
end of 1947, Zionists had acquired only 6.59% of the total land mass of Palestine. -
1947, as conflict between Jews and Arabs endured and the British made clear they would rather leave without a solution than stay in the cross-fire
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1948-Jews took over Arabs-declared independence of Israel
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European Union-1951
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Basutoland gains independence in 1966-becomes Lesotho.
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Arab-Israeli war of 1967, laid the foundations of today’s stalemate
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Parliament Democracry-2003