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Legislation for Special Education
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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was an important ruling that would provide a springboard for individuals with disabilities. This was the first time the government acknowledged and focused on students who suffered from prejudice and inequality in schools.
Vaughn, S., Bos, C., & Schumm, J. (2014). Teaching Students Who are Exceptional, Diverse, and at Risk in the General Education Classroom. Pearson Education Inc. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
This act began the role that the government would play in protecting individuals who experienced unfavorable disadvantages. This act would provide students with equal opportunities for education in the public school setting.
Vaughn, S., Bos, C., & Schumm, J. (2014). Teaching Students Who are Exceptional, Diverse, and at Risk in the General Education Classroom. Pearson Education Inc. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This case challenged the idea of excluding individuals from receiving an education in public schools. This was the first right to education suit. The case was settled ensuring that free education would be provided for mentally retarded children.
http://www.pilcop.org/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/#sthash.CLpqcKmV.dpbs -
Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments
In 1986, an amendment to the EHA, was changed to include children ages 0-5 to include a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for children with disabilities, who were ages 3-5. It also included Early Intervention Programs (EIP) for infants and toddlers with disabilities, ages 0-2. The amendment also included an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for each family with an infant/toddler with disabilities.
http://atto.buffalo.edu/registered/ATBasics/Foundation/Laws/specialed.php -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This act replaced the Education of the Handicapped Act. This establishes the language of people-firt. The special education services are extended to rehabilitation, social work, and technology used to assist in education. Autism, traumatic brain injuy, confidentiality for parents and students, biligual services, transitional education were also added to this act.
Vaughn, S., Bos, C., & Schumm, J. (2014). -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Addresses accountability to schools, distrcts, and states. This act helps states use federal funds with more flexibility, as they meet the standards of accountability. This act also addressed early interventions for struggling readers, and school choice for students who attend failing schools.
Vaughn, S., Bos, C., & Schumm, J. (2014). -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
This act uses the Response-to-Intervention (RTI). This helps recognize if a student may have a disability that affects his or her learning. This act adds more funding for early interventions, raises expectations for those who are licensed in special education, and recognizes and prevents inappropriate actions representing students who have disabilities by race or cultural background. Vaughn, S., Bos, C., & Schumm, J. (2014).
