-
The French and Indian War
-French settled in Quebec
-Conflicts occured over frontier land. Brit wanted control of prosperous French fur trade
-George Wbs sent to protect VA 1754
-G Wbs met French 40 miles of Fort Duquense
-G wbs attacked defeated French
-Began French and Indian War
-July 4 1754 Frech attacked G Wbs at Fort Necessity
-French caputred Fort Duquesne
-French winnig war
-1765 William Pit led victory battle of Louisbourg
-Brit victory
-James Wolfe clifs Quebec
-Brit gained Quebec and Montreal
-Brit won the war -
The Proclamation of 1763
-English law prohibiting colonists settling west of the Appliation Mountains
-Law reconized Native Americans owned the land
-Only licensed people could operate fur trade in this area
-Law wanted to prevent fightin with the Native Americans, Brits didn't have enough money to ingage in war or well trained soldigers to defend
-English wanted colonial settlements near the sea so they would take part in the mercantile, system trade with English
-Colonists angered, risked lives, obtained this land -
The Sugar Act
-British lost alot of money providing aid in te French and Inian War
-Decided to tax the colonists to get lost money back, colonists should pay for the British defending them
-This act was created by George Grenville
-First tax for the Colonies
-Tax placed on sugar imported from the West Indies
-Led to many protests in the colonies
-Protests led to lower taxes -
The Stamp Act
-Raised money for new Military in America
-Money raised was used to pay for defending Americans on the frontier near the Appilation Mountains
-Stamped paper
-Stamped important docuements such as newspapers, cards, legal documents, ext.
-Total of 50 items that were required a stamp
-Payment of tax
-Angered colonists, stamp act riots against tax collectors
-Nonimportation agreements
-British have been paying this tax for years, and have been paying even more than the Americans -
The Quartering Act
-Colonists had to provide food and shelter for British troops who were staying in the colonies
-Colonists had to provide troops with bedding, cooking utensils, firewood, beer, cider, and candles.
-In 1766 this law required colonists to provide troops in unoccupied houses and taverns -
The Stamp Act Congress
-Held in New York
-9 colonies sent delegates
-27 delegates total
-Delegates expressed their opposition twoards the Stamp Act
-Created Declaration of Rights and Grievances
-Step closer to colonial unity and attempt to problem solve -
The Declaratory Act
-A law that declared Parliament's authority over the colonies -
The Townshend Act
-Created by Charles Townshend
-Light tax on imported glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
-British used money to pay for royal salaries in the colonies. Paid royal governors and the court
-Colonists protested and botcotted
-Angered colonists smuggled goods
-British troops were sent to enforce these law and maintain control and peace -
British Troops Occupy Boston
-British troops travel to Boston to enforce the Townshend acts as well as maintain control over the colony
-Wanted to control radicals, stop smuggling, and maintain peace
-Two regiments of British troops were sent to Bonston
-Locals didn't like this
-lead to Boston Massacre -
Boston Massacre
-Tensions grew between Brittish troops and colonists
-Brit troops sent to Boston to enforce Townshend Act, maintain control, and peace.
-10 red coats
-60 colonists
-Colonists taunted the red coats, threw snowblls and rocks at them, hit them with clubs and verball attacked them
-Red coats opened fire when taunted
-11 victims (all colonists, men and boys)
-5 killed
-6 wounded
John Adams defended Brit soldiers in court.
-Soldiers found not guilty -
Townshend Acts Repealed
-Townshend Acts were repealed
-All taxes taken away with the exception of tea
-Colonists were still angry, found this offensive
-Boycotts and violence continued -
The Boston Tea Party
-English gave the East India Company a monolpoy to the importation of tea to America and lowered the duty for imported tea
-Thought colonies would pay tax than give up tea
-3 ships came to Boston
-200men dressed as Indians and dumped the tea
-Dumped 342 boxes of tea into th water
-England was furious -
Intolerable Acts
-5 Acts created by King George III to punnish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
-TheBoston Port Bill: King George III closed the Boston Harbor to all but British ships until the colonists paid for all the money lost from the Tea Party
-Quartering Act
-The Administration of Justice Act: British Officials could not be tried in colonial courts, they would have their trials back in Britain
-Massachusetts Government Act: British Governor in charge of Boston, no more self government
-Quebec Act -
The Quebec Act
-Many French colonists under British rule, esp in Quebec
-The French here were given religious freedom
-The French Civil code was allowed in Quebec, however English law was effective in criminal matters
-Boundaries of Quebec were extended south to Ohio River
-AngeredAmerican colonists who were steeled there, they could no longer take part in developing settlements or the prosperous fur trade -
First Continental Congress
-Carpenters Hall, Philadelphia
-12/13 colonies attended
-Georgia didn't go, Royal Gov of GA prevented delagates to attend
-lasted 7 weeks
-unify colonies, reactions to Intolerable Acts
-Ben Franklins polital cartoon Join or Die
-colonies agreed to boycott Brit goods
-composed statment of colonial rights, identify Brits violation to rights, plan to convince Brit to restore rights
-did not seek independence
-agreed to meet again if Brit did not change polocies
-King denied access to fishing area -
The Battle of Lexington
-British general sent troops to Lexington
-Goal for the British was to obtain gunpowder
-colonial minutemen weren't prepares fast enough
-extremly short battle
-British succeeded in obtaining gunpowder
-8 colonists were killed and some others were injued -
The Battle of Concord
-Brit Gen. Tom Gage sent 700 soldigers to steal ammunition colonists stored in Concord
-Brits also wanted to arrest Adams and Hancock
-Joe Warren sent Paul Revere to warn the John's
-Paul lit one lantern= Brit comming by land & two lanterns=Brit comming by sea
-Colonists organized minutemen, prepared for Brits
-John Parker=leader of the minutemen were greatly out numbered by Brits
-minutemen from other towns attacked Brits going to Boston
-Brit fled, colonists won
-73 Brit dead
-49 patriots dead -
Second Continental Congress
-lead by John Hancock
-all the 13 colonies attended
-65 delagates total
-Discussed military, ways to better organize, ways to raise money for paying soldigers and getting supplies
-Elected George Washingtion to be the leader of the Contentinal Army
-Washington was worried about being the leader, he knew it would be difficult
-Discussed creating an alliance with the French
-Discussed the idea of printing paper money
-Wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence -
The Battle of Bunker Hill
-Aka Breeds Hill
-The most important colonial vitory, a moral victory
-Colonists heard British were going to attack Bunker Hill
- Colonists sent 1500 men to defend themselves
-Colonists held off two British charges, forced to retreat the third charge because they ran out of ammo
-British gained control over Bunker Hill, however suffered great loses
-226 British killed
-828 British wounded
-Colonists sent an olive branch after as a symbol of peace
-August 1775 King declared colonies in rebellion -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
-Thomas was a patriot
-Book was a best seller sold 120,000
-Challanged the authority of the British Government
-Book powerfully suggested that the colonies break away from Britian and become independent
-Argued that it doesnt make sense for a smaller nation to control a larger one
-Didn't like the set up of the British government
-Purposed a republic
-Book was modeled after a sermon and contained Bible references to attract people
