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NH State Teachers Association was founded
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Makes segreation in school legal as long as it was "seperate and equal" (Wormser, 2002) -
NH State Boad of Education established
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Serviceman Readjustment Act
Helped Veterans continuing their schooling by providing funds and supplies (Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996) -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS
Separate but equal doctrine was reversed. Segregation is now illegal (Yell, 2012). -
National Defense Education Act
Provided federal aid to increase teaching in math, science and foreign language and created the first federal loans for higher education (The Leonore Annenberg Institue for Civics , n.d.) -
Civil Rights Act
Discrimination based on sex and race is illegal (Global Campaign for Education, n.d.). -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act & Head Start
Yell (2012) explained the ESEA "provided federal money to states to improve educational opportunities for disadvantaged children".
In 1966 Title VI was added to the ESEA and that provided "funding for grants for pilot programs to develop promising programs for children with disabilities" (Yell, 2012). -
The Education of the Handicapped Act
Formally Title VI of the ESEA. Yell (2012) outlined that the EHA "provided funding to institutions of higher education to develop programs to train teachers of students with disabilities." -
Section 504
Yell (2012) pointed out that Section 504 or the Rehabilitation Act, "was the first federal civil rights law to protect the rights of persons wih disabilities". -
Robinson v Cahill and Abbott v Burke
New Jersey court ruled that there were inadequate educational opportunities to urban schools (The Leonore Annenberg Institue for Civics, n.d.). The schools were ordered to provide more funding and improve the education system (The Leonore Annenberg Institue for Civics, n.d.). -
The Education Amendments
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education influenced these amendments to the EHA (Yell, 2012).
The amendments required any state recieving federal special education funds "establish a goal of providing full educational opportunities for all children with disabilities" (Yell, 2012). -
The Education for all Handicapped Children Act
Yell (2012) stated "the EACHA required participating states to provide a free appropriate public education for all qualified students with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 18...and for all students up to age 21..." It also outlined that students with disabilities had the right to evaluation and placement procedures, LRE edcuation, procedural due process, parental involvement and FAPE (Yell, 2012). -
Board of Education v. Rowley
Yell (2012) stated this was the Supreme Court's first time interpreting FAPE. Rowley was deaf and was denied a sign language interpreter in her class because she was doing well in school without one (Yell, 2012). The court ruled this decision violated FAPE. -
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Testing
1983 - The Roncker Portability Test (Roncker v. Walter)
1989 - The Daniel Two-Part Test (Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education)
1994 - The Rachel H. Four-Factor Test (Sacramento City Unified School District Board of Education v. Rachel H.)
1997- The Hartmann Three-Part Test (Hartmann v. Loudoun County Board of Education). -
The Handicaped Children Protection Act & EHA Amendments
"The HCPA amended the EAHCA" (Yell, 2012), it allowed parents to collect attorneys fees if they won the case. The influential case was Smith v. Robinson. The EHA Amendments became "a subchaper of the IDEA (Part H)" (Yell, 2012). The amendments required states to execute "statewide interagency programs of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabiliites and their families (IDEA, 20 USC § 1471[B][1]). -
Honig v. Doe
The court upheld the stay-put provision. This provision stated that a student cannot be moved from the placement outlined in the IEP without a due process hearing (Yell, 2012). -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
EAHCA was renamed IDEA. Yell (2012) explained these amendments "substituted the term disability for the term handicap throughout the law [and] used people first language". Autism and traumatic brain injurty were added to the disability categories, there were changes to assistive technology, realated and rehabilitation servies (Yell, 2012). It also added transition services. -
Greer vs. Rome City School District and Oberti vs. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
Placement must be discussed during an IEP meeting before being implemented. LRE and inclsion was in question in both cases (Yell, 2012). -
The IDEA Amendments
According to Yell (2012), "the goal ... was to improve the effectiveness of special education by requiring demonstrable improvements in the educational achievement of students with disabilities". -
No Child Left Behind
ESEA's most recent reauthorization. Yell (2012) stated "the purpose of NCLB wa sto increase teh achievement of students in America's public school". Schools are held accountable for student gains. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
According to Yell (2012), this "buildls on NCLB by emphasizing increased accountability for student performance at teh classroom school and school district levels". Some of the major changes were to the IEP process; specifically discipline and identification of students with disabilities (Yell, 2012). It also made requirements for HQT and certification of special education teachers. -
Forest Grove v. T.A.
Tuition reimbursement was in question. Since the school did not provide FAPE they were to reimburse the parents for the cost of private school tuition (Yell, 2012). -
Rosa's Law (Pub. L. 111-256)
Replaces the term mental retardation with intellectural disability (Yell, 2012). -
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NH Implementation of CCSS