-
Pope Urban called for the Crusades to defeat the Muslims in the Holy Land. -
Europe changed from a farming economy to a trade economy due to the Crusades. -
Marco Polo was born in 1254 AD in Venice, Italy. -
The Polos set back to Europe with many goods from their travels. -
Marco Polo is captured and is encouraged to write about his travels, resulting in The Travels of Marco Polo. -
In the fourteenth century, there was a renewed interest in Greek and Roman arts, writing, and science. It sparked an age of innovation.
-
Portugal captures the Fortress of Ceuta in Africa which began their dreams of controlling the gold market globally. -
The work of scientists funded by Prince Henry led to Portugal discovering the Madeira Islands. -
Portugal discovers Azores Islands which encouraged further exploration by sea. -
Portugal finally made a successful return voyage beyond Cape Bojador. This encouraged them to pass the Sahara. -
In 1440, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. -
The marriage gave Spain political stability. -
Columbus asks for rulers to finance his idea of sailing west to reach the Spice Islands. -
Portugal reaches the eastern coast of South Africa which is farther than any other explorer before. -
Columbus makes landfall on an island he names Hispaniola. A relationship between Europe and the Americas begin. -
Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama reaches India which catapulted Portugal to be among the richest countries in Europe -
Thomas Hobbes, a scholar and philosopher, wrote The Leviathan to discuss issues. -
John Lock, scholar and philosopher, writes and uses reason to debate issues. -
The Americans called for a revolution and wrote the Declaration of Independence to establish as the United States of America. -
The people of France began the revolution against the French monarchy and wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. -
In 1791, slaves begin the Haitian Revolution. -
During the Haitian Revolution, the slaves succeeded in ending slavery and French control over the colony. -
The French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte, invades Spain. -
Father Hidalgo and the townspeople of Dolores as a cry for Mexican Independence -
Bolívar invades Venezuela to liberate it from Spanish control. This marks the beginning of the Admirable Campaign -
San Martín and others surprise the Spanish soldiers and liberate Santiago, Chile. -
Moses Austin experiences the crisis of an economic depression which causes many things to close. -
With his slave, they made it to East Texas in November -
In his fight against the Spanish, Bolívar claims more territory and creates a new government. -
Mexico gained their independence from Spain with the help of Father Hidalgo. -
Austin could keep bringing settlers in from the United States -
Bolívar becames dictator, or Supreme Leader, of Peru in 1824. -
Stephen F. Austin founded San Felipe de Austin in 1824 as a capital for Texas. -
After Mexico gains independence, they wrote a constitution and allowed early immigrants to come in from Texas. -
Stephen F. Austin acquires contracts for four more colonies between 1825 and 1821. -
Hayden Edwards starts the Fredonian Rebellion and declares independence. This attracted the Mexican governments attention. -
By 1827, San Felipe de Austin had between 100 to 200 residents. -
After the Fredonian Rebellion, General Mier y Teran is sent to inspect Texas. -
Mexico issues a decree to give the government more control over Texas, -
To keep peace with the Mexican government, the Texans write Turtle Bayou Resolutions to maintain the peace. -
The Texans came together to list their grievances and present their requests to Santa Anna -
Santa Anna decided Mexico was not ready and declared himself dictator. -
Concerned about peace with Mexico, Texans called for a meeting known as the Consultation of 1835 -
The Texans gain control of San Antonio after a 34-day siege. Their morale increases and they gain more supplies. -
It was reported that a Mexican calvary with supply mules were approaching San Antonio. The Texans captured the mules only to find grass. -
The Battle of Gonzalez breaks out between the Mexicans and Texans, and so the Texas Revolution began. -
Gonzales volunteers raised a flag reading, "Come and Take It" after a surprise attack. This kicked off the Texas Revolution. -
After a win at Gonzales, the Texans marched towards Goliad. They won the battle, increased morale, and got supplies. -
Texas is officially recognized as a independent country who was not under Mexican control. -
Mexicans forces begin the siege, constantly bombarding the Alamo, determined to end the battle with a victory. -
The Mexican forces win the battle, and it is a devastating blow to the Texans. -
Three separate groups of captured Texans were executed. The total death count was 342. -
General Houston and the Texas army surprised the Mexican army. They successfully defeated and captured Santa Anna.