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1095
Pope Urban called for the Crusades
Catholics wanted to take the Holy Land from the Muslims. -
1200
Europe's big shift
Europe experienced change where there were new products/goods and European people's eyes opened to the rest of the world. -
1254
Beginning of Marco Polo
Marco Polo was born into a family of merchants. -
1293
Polos began the journey home
The Polos returned home by ship, bringing ivory, jade, jewels, porcelain, and silk. -
1298
Marco Polo's capturing
Marco Polo captained a galley-ship in a battle against Venice's rival city, Genoa, and he was captured as a prisoner of war. -
1415
Portuguese captures the Fortress of Ceuta
The beginning of the Portuguese's dreams of controlling the global market of gold was capturing the Fortress of Ceuta in Africa. They set up trading posts in Africa and collected gold and silver. -
1419
Portugal discovers the Madeira Islands
Prince Henry funded the work of scientists from all over Europe, which led to Portugal's discovery of the Madeira Islands. -
1427
Portugal discovers the Azores Islands
Prince Henry funded the work of scientists from all over Europe, which led to Portugal's discovery of the Azores Islands -
1434
Prince Henry's successful ship
At least 15 voyages had failed to go around the cape before one of Prince Henry's ships finally made a successful return voyage. -
1469
Building a nation begins
The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation. -
1485
Columbus presents his plan to reach the Spice Islands
Columbus approached the king of Portugal to present his plan of sailing to the west to reach the Spice Islands of Asia and India. -
1488
Días reaches South Africa
Días finally made it around the tip of Africa, reaching the eastern coast of South Africa. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbus discovers major land
Columbus makes landfall on an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti). -
1498
Da Gama's voyage reaches India
Da Gama's voyage finally reached India and he achieved the dream of King Joao ll -
Thomas Hobbes writes about government and men
Thomas Hobbes wrote the Leviathan which described how men should be governed. -
John Locke states views about men and government
John Locke wrote the second The Second Treatise on Government. -
Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America
A declaration was written about the Thirteen United States of America which describes how they separated when taken under control. -
French Revolution
Many rules were written about the rules of mankind and how they were equal and smart. -
Haitian Revolution
In 1791, the slaves began rebelling in the Haitian Revolution for their independence. -
Slaves win revolution
In 1803, the slaves had succeeded in ending slavery as well as French control over the island. -
Bonaparte invades Spain
In 1804, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain and this forced Bolivar to fight for the independence of Venezuela. -
Grito de Dolores
As Hidalgo fought for independence, the townspeople joined him making it the Grito De Dolores. -
Beginning of Admirable Campaign
Bolivar and his men invaded Venezuela, marking the beginning of the Admirable Campaign which was victorious and caused Venezuala to become independent from Spain. -
Capturing Lima
Because forces loyal to Spain recaptured chile in 1817, San Martin and his soldiers proceeded with their plan to capture Lima. -
Economic Crisis Creates Depression
In 1819, there was an economic crisis and many banks failed including the St. Louis Bank that Stephen F. Austin was a part owner of. -
Stephen F. Austin and his slave cross into Texas
In November of 1820, Stephen F. Austin and his slave named Richmond crossed into East Texas. -
Gaining Independence
The people of Mexico gained independence from Spain as they fought through the motivation of Father Hidalgo. -
Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia was created under Bolivar's new government. It included what would later become Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador. -
Mexican Government Passed The Imperial Colonization Law
With this law, Austin’s land was secure and he could continue to bring in settlers -
Bolivar becomes leader
Bolivar became dictator or supreme leader of Peru and the following year the Republic of Bolivia was created. -
Austin finds San Felipe De Austin
In 1824, Austin thought his colony needed a capital and found San Felipe De Austin. -
Constitution of 1824
Mexico proclaimed that they would be governed by a president, have a congress to make laws, and create a federalist govt, where the state and national govt shared power. -
Austin gets more contracts for his colonies
In 1825, Austin acquired contracts for four more colonies. -
Republic of Fredonia
Benjamin Edwards declared independence from Mexico and started the republic of Fredonia. -
San Felipe residents increase
By 1827, San Felipe had between 100-200 residents. -
Mier Y Teran Report
After the Edwards brothers, General Mier Y Teran was sent to inspect Texas. He reported that Anglos had outnumbered the Mexicans 5 to 1 and could throw them into a revolution any time if something wasn't done. -
Law of April 6th
The Mexican government issued a decree (law) to give Mexico more control over Texas. Mexico ended all immigration and suspended all empresario grants. -
Separate Statehood
In 1832, the Texans wanted separate statehood within Mexico as a request for Santa Anna, the newly elected president of Mexico. -
Turtle Bayou Resolutions
To keep the peace after Texans were released, they wrote a series of statements called the Turtle Bayou Resolutions. -
Texans Write A Constitution
In 1833, the Texans wrote a constitution to apply for separate statehood with Mexico and decided to send SFA to Mexico to present their decisions. -
Santa Anna Becomes Dictator
Santa Anna believed that Mexico was not ready for a democracy and declared himself dictator. The government was also unorganized. -
Consultation of 1835
Texans were concerned and called for a meeting later known as the Consultation of 1835. At this meeting, the Texans were divided- one group called for peace and the other called for war. -
Texas gains San Antonio
Texans defeated General Cos and San Antonio was under Texan control. -
Grass Fight
As a unit of Mexican cavalry with supply mules approached San Antonio Burleson ordered men to stop the Mexicans. They captured the mules although found that they were filled with grass to feed the animals. -
Texas Revolution Begins
The Texans fired on the Mexicans and started a war. The Texas Revolution had begun. -
Battle of Gonzales
The Texans made a surprise attack at dawn and raised a flag that said "come and take it" referring to their cannon that protected them from the natives. The Texans won and Mexico retreated without taking the cannon. -
Goliad Campaign
Texan soldiers marched towards Goliad and defeated thirty Mexican soldiers in a surprise attack in only 30 minutes. Texans gained military supplies from battle. -
Treaty of Velasco
Recognized Texas as an independent country no longer under the Mexican rule and control, their own country. -
Battle of Alamo begins
Mexican forces began the 13-day siege of the Alamo and Santa Anna demanded that all Texans be put to death. -
Mexico wins Alamo
As the Alamo ended, the main battle only lasted 30 minutes and ended the war with a Mexican victory on March 6, 1836. -
Goliad Massacre
Santa Anna wanted everyone executed so he killed them. 24 were able to escape but Fannin and others died. -
Battle of San Jacinto
General Houston and Texas army attacked. Shouted, "remember Alamo and Goliad". In just 18 minutes they defeated the Mexican army and captured Santa Anna.