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13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery -
Black Codes
Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
14th Amendment
This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels. -
Sharecropping
a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types of agreements that have used a form of the system. -
15th Amendment
No one could be denied suffrage -
Lynching
Hanging someone wtihout a legal trial -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme court case that violated the 14th amendment. Jim crow laws were set up because of this case -
Hector P Garcia
a mexican american physician, ww2 veteran, and founder of the American g.i. forum. he helped create equality for mexican by helping mexican veterans file claims with the veteran administration. he purposely chose the name "American G.I. Forum" in order to emphasize the fact the members were american citizens and where entitled to their constitutional rights. -
19th Amendment
Women's suffrage act in mid 1800s finally all women could vote -
Betty Friedan
American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique" - an account of housewives' lives in which they subordinated their own aspirations to the needs of men; bestseller was an inspiration for many women to join the women's rights movement. She founded the National Organization for Women -
Cesar Chavez
Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers -
20th Amendment
The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal Housing Authority
provides mortgage insurance on loans made by FHA-approved lenders throughout the United States and its territories. FHA insures mortgages on single family and multifamily homes including manufactured homes and hospitals. -
Civil Disobedience
the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power -
Nonviolent Protest
a way of bringing chnage without violence -
Desegregation
Ending of Segregation -
Thurgood Marshall
the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his activity in the Little Rock 9 and his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education -
Brown v Ferguson
Ended federal tolerance of racial segregation. Seperate but equal -
Montgomery Bus Boy-Cott
after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat for a White man as required by city ordinance. It started the Civil Rights Movement and an almost nation-wide bus boycott lasting 11 months. -
Orville Faubus
He was the governor of Arkansas during the time of the Little Rock Crisis. He attempted to block the integration of the school by using the national guard, leading to a confrontation with the Eisenhower and ultimately integration of the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
First federal civil rights law since reconstruction. Established civil rights commission and civil rights division of the department of justice. -
Sit-Ins
a nonviolent approach to protest in the south in which African American citizens would "sit in" at establishments where they were denied service to make a statement -
Head Start
Head Start is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
Affirmative Action
policy of providing special opportunities for, and favoring members of, a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination -
MLK Jr.
a minister who was committed to nonviolent protest leader of southern christian leadership conference and Montgomery bus boycott; gave I Have a Dream speech, shot in Memphis TN. -
George Wallace
Alabama Governor that was forced by jfk to desegregate university of Alabama -
Civil Rights Acts of 1964
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. -
Upward bound
Upward Bound programs are implemented and monitored by the United States Department of Education. -
24th Amendment
Poll Taxes were banned -
Jim crow laws
The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
which serves to protect and enforce the 14th and 15th Amendments. It was enacted in response to voter suppression in the 1960s by state and local governments and law enforcemen -
Lester Madox
A populist Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a segregationist, when he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act -
26th Amendment
Voting age is 18 -
Title 9
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in educational program using federal funding (commonly known for effects on athletics).