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13th amendment
adopted in April 1865 eight months after the civil war ended this amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude unless a punishment for a crime -
black codes
were laws passed by democratic controlled southern states restrictive laws were made to restrict freedoms of freed black people and to save their ability as a laborer -
14th amendment
adopted in july 1868 declared that all people in the U.S. were citizens Also that citizens were given equal rights no matter the race these rights were protected by due process of law -
15th amendment
was passed by congress in February 1870 its one of the three amendments the U.S. constitution passed during the era of reconstruction granted african american men the right to vote -
jim crow laws
Enforced segregation by race in the south between the end of reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950's when southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century orders for separate facilites for white and colored people -
lynching
at first was justice killing usually a hanging considered guilty of a crime without even having a trial or able to be proven guilty between 1870 and 1940 there were over 5,000documented lynchings of blacks the last documented lynching was in 1980 of Micheal Donald -
plessy v ferguson
plessy v ferguson was a landmark constitutional law case of the US supreme court in1896 it confirmed state racial segregation laws separate but equal example is having a bathroom for whites and another for blacks -
19th amendment
passed by congress in june 1919 but it was ratified in august 1920 the amendment gave wemon the right to vote the amendment prohibits the states and the fedral government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the united states on the basis of wether your gender -
civil disobedience
the refusal to obey certian laws or government demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy it is some times equated to non violent resistance -
share croppinfgand tenant farming
share cropping and tenant farming began the go away in the 1930s after the civil war plantation owners were battling a challenge to find help working the lands that the slaves had farmed platation owners used arrangements called share cropping and tenant farming -
20th Admenment
Was passed by Congress March 02, 1932. It was an Admendment that sets the dates at which federal government elected offices end. Also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Hector P. Gracia
Hector P. Gracia was a Mexican American World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. He was the 1st Mexican American member to the Unites States Civil Rights Commission. He was also awarded the Medal of Freedom. He founded the American G.I. Forum in March 1948. -
Nonviolent Protest
The success of the American Civil Rights Movement and the fight for racial equality in the U.S. is evidence to the determination. A major factor in the success of the movement was the strategy of protesting for equal rights without using violence. -
Brown V. Ferguson
From Dec. 9, 1952- May 17, 1954. It was a landmark in which the case by the U.S. Supreme Court declared state laws establishing seperate public schools from blacks and whites. The ruling court was the the Supreme Court of the United States. -
rosa parks
rosa parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in montgomery Alabama city bus in 1955 rosa parks was a big factor in the civil rights movement in the U.S. Rosa parks helped begin the movement -
Montgomery bus boycott
went from december 1955 to december 1956 a seminal event in the civil rights movement this boycott was a social protest and a political campaign against the racial segregation policy of montgomery alabama -
orville fabus
fanus was a governer of arkansas from 1955-1967 in september 1957 governer fabus became the national racial segregation symbol he was best known for his stand in the desegregation in little rock arkansas natinol guard to stop letting african american students into the school -
desegregation
desegregation started in the us in 1957 after the supreme court declared school segregation laws unconstitutional this was on of the biggest focuses of the civil rights movement -
civil rights act of 1957
enacted september 1957 protected voting rights and prevented interference in voting it was the first federal right that was passed by congress -
sit ins
a sit in was a direct action that involved on or more people in an area of protest often to promote political social or economic change most recognizable sit in was in greensboro North Carolina -
affirmative action
aka the policy of favoring members of a disadvantage group who suffer or have sufferd from discrimination within culture could not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race -
ceasar chavez
chavez was a well known union leader and labor organizer he founded the national farm workers association they joined with the ag workers organizing committee in its first strike against grape owners in california -
george wallace
governor of alabama he also ran for us president for 4 straight elections and never won known for he speach saying "segergation today segregation tomorrow and segregation forever" he was a pro segregationist -
betty firedan
she was a leading figure in the wemons right movement she was a writer activist and feminist she wrote a book the feminine mystique in 1963 she broke new ground by exploring the idea of women finding personal fulfillment -
Martin luther King Jr.
he was probably the most recognized face of the civil rights movement he gave his i have a dream speech in august 1963 in Washington in where he calls for an end to racism in the united states over 25000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the lincoln memorial in washington D.C. -
head start
president lyndon B johnson created head start in january 1964 this legislation was proposed by Johnson in responce to a natinol poverty rate it was a program to help meet the emotional health nutritonal social and psycological needs for preschool aged children that come from low income families -
lester maddox
lester maddox was the governor of georgia from 1967-1971 in july 1964 he waved a pistol and refused serve the black students at his restaurant however he oversaw there were improvements to black employment rights as governor -
24th amendment
passed in january 1964 prevents congress and the states from requiring a poll tax before you can vote congress prohibited any poll tax in elections for federal officials -
civil rights act of 1964
enacted in july 1964 the civil rights act was a landmark U.S. labor law in the united states that outlaws discrimination based on a persons race or religion and male or female also dosnt allow unequal voting rights segregation in schools public and in employment -
veteran rights act of 1965
this law was signed into law by president johnson in august 1965 it overcame legal barriers at local and the state level that prevent blacks from exercising basic rights -
upward bound
upward bound is a federally educational program within the united states the goal of upward bound is to provide certain categories that gave students better opportunities for attending college -
thurgood marshall
was the first african american supreme court justice he served from october 1967 through 1991 he was also cheif legal counsoler for the NAACP he argued and won brown v Board of Education he was also a grandson of a slave -
Federal Hosing Authority
also known as the civil rights act of 1968 is a historical part of the in the united states that provided equal opportunities for housing regardless of face -
26th Amendment
Passed by congress in March 1971 and was ratified in july of that year prohibits the government and also the state from not allowing the ability to vote based on age. The right for United States Citizens to vote who are 18 and older. -
Title IX (9)
June 23, 1972, President signed the Title IX of the education Amendments of 1972 into law. The Title IX is a wide ranging law that prohibits discrimination on either being a different sex in any federally funded education program even an activity, but this did not help the women's right movement.