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Formed by the Virginia Company in 1607. First permanent English settlement in North America.
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First eleceted assembly in the New World. Still operates today as the General Assembly.
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Document where they agreed to obey the laws created for the general good. This document created a covent community.
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England & the Americans colonists fought France and the Indians. Caused the Treaty of Paris to take place in 1763.
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Was signed after Britain's victory over Franc and Spain during th Seven Years' War. England gained the land west of the Appalachains and Canada from france.
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England prohibited colonists from settling west of the appalachians. It cost a lot to protect colonies from Indian attacks there. Angered colonists that wanted to move out there.
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Placed a tax on legal documents like tea, sugar, and other products. Imposed taxes taxes on the colonies to pay for war debts from the French and Indian War.
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Colonists and British soldiers in Boston competed over jobs. Wasn't really a massacre just protrayed as one by te colonist leader. It's goal was to arouse anger toward Britain.
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Started because England put restrictions on tea. Colonists boarded in Boston to throw tea into the wate.
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Meeting of representatives from all 13 colonies except Geogia. The 1st Continental Congress was so important because it was the first tme all 13 colonies acted together.
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The Second Continental Congress created the Continental Army. George Washington was the general and issued the Olive Branch Petition. The Olive Branch Petition was the final peace offer which the British rejected.
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Was issued in July 4, 1776. Issued by th Continental Congress and Witten by Thomas Jefferson. The colonies offically seperated from England.
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British troops attacked a colonial weapons stockepile. Minutemen was assembled whenever fighting erupted.
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Time period (1781-1788) during whch the U.S. was unde the Aticles of Confederation. Had successes like Land of Ordiance of 1787 and problems lke huge war debt.
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Where Cornwallis fled to during the Revolutionary War.The French Navy blocked the exit of the Cheapsake Bay. American and the French surrounded Cornwallis and Cornwallis surrendered.
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The 13 newly independent states united into one country.
American political leaders thry adopted a weak natonal government at the end of the Revolutionary War. -
Established a plan for the creaton and admission of new states. Was a success of the Critical Period.
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Called to settle dsputes among states over commerce. Only 5 states show up so they held another meeting to recisee Articles of Confederaton.
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Debt-ridden farmers in Massachesettes rebel due to hgh taxes. Took its name from former captain of Continental Army Daniel Shays.
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An act of the Congess of the Confederation of the United States. This act was passed in July 13 1787.
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Washington was the first pesident of the United States. Washington was president in 1789-1797.
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Was created to set up the court system. Where the three executive departments was also created.
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Plan underr which Indians would be forced to adopt American culture. The Native Americans still had suppoters in te United
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The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. Made cotton-growing very profitable.
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John Adam's who was a Federalist and defeated Thomas Jefferson who was a Democratic-Rebuplican. Pesident from March 4 1797 through March 4, 1801. He and other federalists passed Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Revolt was held in Richmond, VA in 1800. The slave revold was the cause of his hanging.
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Was a candidatesof the Election of 1800. Thomas Jefferson who was a Democratic Republican defeated John Adams who was a Federalist.
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Marshall declared a law unconstitutional. The importance of this case was to establish the power of judicial review.
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Jefferson brought this land from France in 1803. It doubled the size of the U.S. and included land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
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The war of 1812 lasted for two years.Two causes of War of 1812 were British interference with American shipping and British aid in the west. President Madison called for the War of 1812.
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Marshall upheld the federal governments right to established bank. Showed the court could mediate between states and the federal govenment.
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Divided Louisiana Puchase at 36 degrees, 30'. North of lne was free and South of lne was slave. It maintained balance of slave and free states.
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Divided the Lousiana Purchase at 36,30. North of line was free and South of the line was slave. Missouri was a slave state and Maine was a free state.
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Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded and more people got involved in the electoral process. Americans no longer let aristocrats make all the decisions.
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One of the strong leader of the Women's Suffrage Movement. Encourage women that they deserved change.
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The Court overturned a steamboat monopoly. Confirmed the federal governments power and commerce.
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The Monroe Doctrine was by President Monroe. Key Ideas was to warn Europe against future colonization in the Americas and interference any ndependent country country in the Western Hemsphere.
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Andrew Jackson lost to John Adams in 1824. In 1828, Jackson defeated Adams because now more common people could vote and they liked Jackson.
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A law that was passed at Jackson's request. It forced all indians east of the Misissippi River to move to Indian Territory (present-day) Oaklahoma.
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Slave Revolt was held in Southampton in 1832. Led band of 80 slaves against four plantations.
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Mexican General Santa attacked with superior forces. They fought until their last man died.
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Texans won their indepedence. Led by Sam Houston and established the Republic of Texans.
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Happened after declaring independence for Republic of Mexico in 1836. Majority of the Texans favored annexation.
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Mexican war lasted from 1846 to 1848. President James K Polk urged war because he wanted the Southwest. But Mexico wouldn't sell.
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In 1848 gold was discovered. "49ers" rushed to CA in hopes to find gold.
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First women's rights convention, was held in Seneca Falls, NY. Elizabeth Cady Stanton wa the leader of the Seneca Falls Convention. Seneca Falls Declaration was issued that modeled on the Declaration. This document outlined women's rights and grievances.
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California entered as a free state. Southwestern territories would decide on their own.
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Was part of the Compromise of 1850. Made it easier to catch runaway slaves. And many Northerners refused to enforce this law.
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The Reservation System took place in the Mid-1800s. Indians were forced off their lands onto small and smaller reservations.
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Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. The book potrayed the evils of slavery, that was widely read.
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Repeated the Missouri compromise line by giving KN and NB "Popular Soveeighty". An effect of the Kansas-Nebraska was "Bleeding Kansas" . Which a fight between pro and anti-slavery forces in Kansas.
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A slave named Dred Scot sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner. The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans aren't citizens so he had no right to sue . This case was overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery.
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Main issue of the Election of 1860 was slavery. Abraham Lincoln was a Republican that won the election.
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Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but it remained under Union (Northern) control. Confederates fired on Union ships that were there to resupply Fort Sumter.
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La that gave free public land in the West in 160 acre plots. The only condition was the settlers had to use it for at least five years. The purpose was to encourage Americans to settle the West.
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Was the first major battle of the Civil War. Where Confederate General Robert E Lee lost. Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclomation was the main effect.
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The proclomation freed the slaves in the "rebelling" states. New northern war aim abolishing slavery was an effect of the Proclomation.
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The process of restoring Southern states to the Union and to determine the position of African Americans.
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The battle of Vicksburg was fought in Mississippi. Once Grant won the Confederacy was cut in half.
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The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War. Lee pushed North into Pennsylvania and had to retreat.
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Lincoln gave a short speech that was dedicating the cemetry. One of Lincoln's key points was on nation, not seperate states.
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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery. The 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865.
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The Appomatox Court House is where Lee surrendered. Lee urged Southerners to accept surrender and unite as Americans.
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Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. This took place shortly after war.
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The reconstruction Act put South under Military occupation. Led to the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
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In election of 1867 Republican Rutherford B. Hayes ran against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. Rutherford B. Hayes won over more electoral votes.
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The 14th Amendment prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American gave rights to any American. The amendement gave citizenship to blacks.
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The Knights of Labor began as a secret society of tailors in Philadelphia in 1869. The organiation grew throungh the rough years.
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The 15th Amendment gave voting rights for African Americans. United States Supreme Court decisions in the late nineteenth century interpreted the amendment narrowly.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act was one of the most signigicant restrictions in U.S. History. Prohibited all chinese laborers from the United States.
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Encouraged labor leaders to to press for change in the workforce. On May 4,1886; 3,000 people gathered at Chicago's haymarket square to protest police butality.
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An alliance of trade and craft unions, formed in 1886. Focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between representatives of labor and management.
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Goal of the Dawes Act was to americanize the Indians. Broke up reservations and divided them into individual plots and legally abolished tribes.
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Jim Crow Laws established seperate facilities for whites and blacks. Black facilities were inferior to the whites.
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Prevented "any business structure that restrained trade." Goal was to outlaw trust (monopolies) and wasn't successful.
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The Homestead Strike was an industrial lockout and strike. Was a setback of workers' rights until the early 1930s.
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The American Railway Union was the largest labor union of its time, and one of the first industrial union in the United States. Was under the leadership of Eugene v. Debs.
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Pullman Company laid off more that 3,000 of their employees. President Glover Cleveland hired federal troops after the strike turned violent.
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S.C. said "seperate but equal" did not violate the 14th Amendment. Upheld Jim Crow laws of segregation.
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Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule.The U.S. went to war against Spain because the U.S, had business nd strategic in Cuba, yellow journalists, The de Lome Letter, and America's ship USS Maine exploded ourtside cuba.
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The U.S. annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. I response of the Treaty of Paris Cuba became free
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The Open Door Policy was made by the Secretary of State John Hay. Gave all nations equal trading rights in China. Goal was to end U.S. European competition.
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The Boxer Rebellion was made by Chinese "Boxers". Only goal was to remove forign policy, was not sucessful.
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Te Progressive Movement is the early 20th Century reform movement. It used the government to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization.
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The U.S. assertedthe right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Permitted the United States to lease or buy land.
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Theodore Roosevelt added to the Monroe Doctrine. It said the U.S. would use force to protect its interests in Latin American.
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Period from 1910-30 when many African Americans moved from the rural South and Northern cities. Were fleeing poverty and discrimination of the South.
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The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income without apportioning it among the states, or basing it on the United States census. Exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements.
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Voters elect senatorrs now, not state legislatures. The 17th Amendment was apart of reforming elections.
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World War I erupted in Europe in 1914.There were two side of war, Allies and Central. Britain, France, and Russia were all Allies. Central Powers included Germany and Austria-Hungary.
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Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other. Resulted in the formation of new countries in Europe.
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Theodore Roosevelt encouraged Panama to break from Colombia. Panama gave the U.S. rights to build a canal.
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The Federal Trade Commission Act creates FTC. They also investigate business practices
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The Clayton Anti-Trust Act expands Sherman anti-trust Act. Outlawsprice-fiing and eexempts from Sherman Act.
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For the first three years of war U.S. remained neutral. Public didn't support investment.
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Woodrow Wilson's peace plan. Goal was to eliminate the causes of war. Key ideas were Self-determination, Freedom of the Sea, Mandate System, and League of Nations.
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18th Amendment banned alchol smugglers. Was the cause of the prohitbition era.
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The big four met at Versailles, France for a peace conference. The treaty of Verailles included punishment of Germany, Mandates, National boundaries were redrawn, and League of Nations.
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The amendment gave women the rigt to vote. Was the result to the Women's Suffrage Movement.
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Prohibits any United States citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex. Gave women the right to vote but men were still treated better.
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During this time period Americans saw the number of immigrants increase. So the Americaans decided to put a restriction on any entrances into America.
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Tennesse teachcer John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution. Trial sprked a national debate over evolution.
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President Herbert Hoover was elected in 1928. Believed in Rugged Individualism; this called for more individual effect.
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The day the Stock Market crashed.The Stock Market began a waver.
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Time of severe economic hardship in the United States. Caused by strangling of World Trade, Vulnerable Banking System, Unequal Distribution of Wealth, Availability of Easy Credit, and Crisis in the Farm Sector.
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Dust Bowls was a horrible drought on the Great Plains. Dust Bowls effected farmers because they could no longer farm their crops.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt ran against Hoover in the Election of 1932. Leading to his election he promised the New Deal.
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The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures bank deposits. The FDIC also regulates banks at all times.
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FDR's programs to deal with the Depression. Relief, Recovery, and Reform were the types of programs.
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The Wagner Act is one of the programs that was created by the New Deal. This Act protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective.
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Provided welfare for the elderly and disabled. This act also gave benefits to people that are unemployed.
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The CIO was created created since unions became more active. Belong to the American Federation of Labor.
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Set maximum work hours and minimum wages. Prohibited most employments of child labor.
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The Non-Aggression Pact was only the start of World War II. Stalin and Hitler agrred not to attack each other.
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Franklin Roosevelt approves military draft. Requires all male citizens between the ages of 26 and 35 to register for the military draft, beginning on October 16.
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The initial German invasion of the Soviet Union was known as Operation Barbarossa. Hitler overran France and most of Europe by 1942. Germany turned on the Soviet Union and invaded then in mid 1941.
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Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii with a surprise air attack. the attack was on December 7, 1941, targeting the U.S. naval base. FDR say "this date will live in infamy".
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Congress declares war at FDR's request. Germany joins Japan against the U.S.
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The U.S. navy beat a larger Japanese force. Ended the threat to Hawaii.
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The Allies landed in German-Occupied France that was led by Eisenhower. Began liberation of Western Europe, was successful.
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German counteroffensive and the Allies soon recovered. Hitler attempted to split the Allies army.
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Supreme Court allowed Internment Camps for Japanese Americans. The U.S. noticed how bad they were treating Japnese Americans, so they apologized.
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Allies from the West and Soviet Union from East overran surrended. Germany soon surrendered.
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East Germany became communist and remained under Soviet domination. West Germany was temporarily under U.S., British, and French occupation. Soon, it resumed self-gov't and became democratic.
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A Japanese city that Truman used atomic bombs against. Truman did this rather thatn lose countless Americans in an invasion of Japan.
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An American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The U.S. hoped for Japan to surrender but Japan did not.
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Division of Europe and Germany. Soviet Union's occupation of Eastern and Central Europe.
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Massive U.S, financial did package to rebuild Europe's economies. The goal was to prevent the spread of communism.
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The Soviets blockaded West berlin. The U.S, flew supplies for West Berlin.
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Postwar trial of Nazis for war crimes in the Holocaust. Emphasized individual responsibiliity, regardless of orders.
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NATO stands for North Atlntic Treaty Organization. It is aa defensive alliance among the U.S. and Western European countries. Main goal waas to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western European.
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The U.S. tried to contain communism then the Chinese aided North Korea. Gen. McArthur wanted to nuke China.
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Made a divided Korea; North-communist, South-Democratic. North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.S. led a United Nations force to aid South Korea.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected from 1952-1956. Eisenhower's Nuclear Policy was the "Massive Retaliation".
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Gave atomic secrets to the Soviets. Julius and Ethel Rosenburg was electrocuted.
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Alliance among Soviet Union and East European countries. Both sides maintained large military forces in Europe.
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Sputnik was used in the Space Race with the Soviets against the United States. The Soviets launched the Sputnik into space.
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Francis Gary Power was not shot down while spying over the Soviet Union. The U2 incident remained a mystery for years.
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John F. Kennedy was elcted in 1960.In his inaguration he said "Ask not what your country can do for you" and pledge that U.S. would "Pay any price, bear any burden."
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The Berlin Wall was between East and West Germany. The wall was constructed by the German Democratic Republic.
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The Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba. JFK demanded their removal and blockaded Cuba. The world was close to nuclear war for many days.
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John F. Kennedy was assinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. JFk assassination shook America's confidence.
