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The settlements reached in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna had restored Austrian domination over the Italian peninsula, but left Italy fragmented in small states.
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Guiseppe Mazzini, an Italian patriot, set up a national revolutionary movement known as Young Italy.
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The kingdom of Piedmon-Sardinia adopts a liveral constitution which kick starts nationalism for middle class.
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Charles Albert fights against the Austrian Empire and fails the revolution.
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The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies fought against Bourbon rule and eventually lose their revolution.
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Victor Emmanuel II names Count Camillo di Cavour Prime Minister.
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Cavour realized that the greatest roadblock to annexing northern Italy was Austira, so Napoleom helps drive out Austria.
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Garibaldi brings unity as he captures Sicily, and also helping untite northern Italy.
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