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B.F. Skinner creates the concept of programmed instructional materials.
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Bloomberg Benjamin leads the development of the “Taxonomy of Educational Objectives”
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Robert F. Mager emphasizes the importance of desired behavior, learning condition and assessment in writing learning objectives.
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In 1962, Robert Glaser coins the term “criterion-referenced measures” to assess students’ entry-level behavior & post-training competency.
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Robert Gagne identifies the 9 events of instruction highlighting some very important areas in learning hierarchies and hierarchical analysis.
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A number of models based on information-processing- approach are developed across military, academia and organizations, many of which use media to improve the quality of instruction.
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Methods are evaluated as to how the PC could be used in an academic and interactive context as PLATO, the first generalized computer assisted instruction system allows computers to be integrated into instruction.
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The constructivist theory underlines the importance of “authentic” learning tasks that replicate the actual complexity of the real world environment of traineesas opposed to the theoretical learning approach which preceded it.
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Deeper internet penetration, better bandwidths and rise of the social media makes online learning a viable, economical & effective medium.
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Big data and analytics are shaping the way how learning is tailored to the needs and preferences of each learner. The principles of instruction are no doubt, rooted in years of research in ID, but learning is now designed to be more contextual, fluid and learner-friendly.
