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Father of Special Education
Jean Marc Gaspard Itard first person to develop student centered approach with teaching that emphasized the individual child. He is known for his work with Victor, "The Wild Boy of Aveyron". -
Anne Sullivan
Teacher who "worked miracles" with Helen Keller, provided instruction specifically tailored to meet students individual needs. -
Civil Rights and Parent Advocacy
Brown vs. Brown of Education of Topeka (1954) implications are separate is not equal. Parents of students with disabilities challenge segregation in education. -
Samuel Kirk
Coined the term, "learning disability" and in helped lay groundwork for passing laws which would require schools to help children with learning disabilities. He advocated for the funding to train teachers how to help students with disabilities. -
Mainstreaming
Students with mild disabilities mainstreamed with students without disabilities. Students "visit" general education classes. Implementation of policies to give individuals "normal" experiences, helps facilitate skill set teaching and helps reduce the number of institutionalized. -
Exclusionary Practices
exclusion practices upheld in courts prior to 1970s
compulsory attendance not for all
students denied based on discretion of schools
schools denied children because of their "nauseating" appearance -
Development of RTI
Psychologists work to create a framework used to identify students who needed special education services more accurately and also serve the needs of all students that required more instruction to succeed but did not necessarily display a disability. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Legislation that guarantees certain rights to people that do not qualify under IDEA. -
Inclusion Movement
By the mid 1980s, the inclusion movement had begun. Much progress needed to be made. Students were not making adequate academic progress and accommodations were not present in general ed. classroom. -
IDEA services extension to those age 3 and under
IDEA services reauthorized and extended to those ages 3 and under -
Americans With Disabilities Act
This Act sought to eliminate barriers for individuals with disabilities that were still found in workplaces, buildings, transportation services, and methods of communication. -
No Child Left Behind
Law requires that all students be held to high standards. All students should take and pass state standardized tests. This requires that the students be instructed with the same state standards. -
Principles of IDEA
Principles include: nondiscriminatory identification, assessment and evaluation, least restrictive environment, IEP, procedural safeguards, suspensions and expulsions, confidentiality/access to info, services for underage 3, funding for early intervention.
Use of RTI as alternative to traditional special educational services encouraged. -
Current State of Inclusion
Students with mild disabilities are in general education classrooms most of the day. Mild disabilities include: SLD, Emotional Behavior Disorders, ADHD, Autism, Language and Communicative Disorders, and MID. 4 out of 5 with disabilities spend 40% or more time in general education room.
