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Gallaudet
First American residential school for students who were deaf -
Howe
First residential school for students who were blind -
Itard and Seguin
Systematic educative procedures for the hardest to teach children -
Period: to
normalization and deinstitutionalizzation
Breaking down barriers to participation in society -
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Inclusion
Integration of students with disabilities into general education classrooms -
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Other organizations, for example Special Olympics (Shriver)
Advocacy for caring and fair treatment of individuals with disabilities. -
Ferrell and other teachers
Council of Exceptional Children founded. Development of special education as a profession. -
Organization of parent groups
Provide support, information, and structure for obtaining resources. -
Brown v. BOE of Topeka
Set a precedent for movement. Separate is NOT equal. School educates all children. -
Prior to 1960's
Even before and after 1954 ruling, students were separated from school. Sometimes isolated off campus completely. -
Rehabilitation Act
Education rights guaranteed even if receiving federal funding.
Rep. John Brademas at time was main Representative behind this act. -
Amends Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Signed into law by President Ford, EAHCA ensures that special education services are available to children who need them, guaranteed decisions for services to students with disabilities to be more fair and appropriate, better management and records for special education, and provide federal funds to states. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
A civil right law. This section protects those who do not qualify for services under IDEA, but still have a disability.
Examples include extended time, paper test instead of computerized, and smaller testing areas. -
Amendments of EAHCA
Example, changed language, "handicapped children" to language impaired children. Passed through Congress. -
Amendment to EAHCA 1986
Added age range and technology concerns -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
With continued improvements, more students are being educated, employed, and attending college. Was previously EAHCA. -
Amendment of IDEA
Added strengths to the existing act -
Americans with Disability Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination based on disability -
Amendment of IDEA
Continue to add improvements, for example, IEP, confidentiality, services provided, and participants. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Holds all children to high standards. Adds five core principles that all are accounted for. -
Amendment of IDEA
Congress Reinforces six principles of IDEA in schools. -
Response to Intervention (RTI)
Previously called SST, a four tiered process to prevent students being placed in special education, and provide more appropriate needs to diverse learners. RTI has always been around, but now being implemented more in schools.