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Although rudimentary printing techniques previously existed, Gutenberg invented the modern printing press with replaceable metal molds to leave behind the handwriting.
The Printing Press Revolutionized the Spread of Information -
This Italian is possibly the greatest genius in history since he was ahead of his time and stood out as a painter, sculptor, architect, anatomist, inventor, philosopher, writer, engineer, musician or urban planner.
12 BEST LEONARDO DA VINCI INVENTIONS -
It was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire,and it is considered as the end of the Middle Ages.
Fetih 1453 English Trailer -
Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón, with their wedding in 1469, established a dynastic union that led to the creation of the Kingdom of Spain.
Queen Isabella I Biography -
Michelangelo Buenarroti was one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance, known for sculptures like David or Moses and paintings like the frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo Facts – 12 Things to Know About Michelangelo -
On October 12, 1492 Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of San Salvador believing that he had reached the Indies, under the mandate of the Catholic Monarchs.
The Real Story: Who Discovered America -
Agreement signed between the Catholic Monarchs and Juan II by which Spain and Portugal shared the navigation zones in the Atlantic and of conquest in America.
Treaty of Tordesillas -
Also known as Juana La Loca, she was the daughter of the Catholic kings and reigned until her death in 1555, although since 1506 without effective power.
Joanna I of Castile -
French philosopher and theologian who, along with Erasmus and Luther, was one of the ideologues of the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century.
John Calvin -
With the name of Carlos I, he inherited all the Hispanic kingdoms and as Carlos V he was emperor of the Holy Germanic Empire.
Spain's King Charles V's secret code cracked after five centuries -
The publication of The Questioning and Efficacy of Indulgences by Luther, who opposed the sale of forgiveness for sins without repentance, gave way to the Protestant Reformation and the schism in the Catholic Church.
31st October 1517: Martin Luther reputedly posts his 95 Theses -
The Parliament of England approved that the King and his heirs would be the head of the Church to the detriment of the Pope and consequently the English Reformation and its own Church were born.
3rd November 1534: English Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy -
It was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held for 18 years that definitively established the doctrine of Catholicism against the Protestant Reformation, which it condemned for heresy.
26th January 1564: Pope Pius IV confirms the decrees of the Council of Trent -
During his reign the monarchy was the first European power, and the Spanish empire reached its apogee.
29th July 1588: Decisive Battle of Gravelines during the Spanish Armada -
He delegated in valids as the Duke of Lerma and during his reign the Pax Hispanica allowed him to maintain hegemony without wars.
Philip III -
Spanish baroque painter born in Seville, considered one of the best in history, who worked as a camera painter and had great handling of light as can be seen in Las Meninas, La Rendición de Breda or the portrait ot the pope Inocencio X.
Why Diego Velázquez’s Las Meninas Continues to Inspire New Interpretations -
He successfully delegated to the Count-Duke of Olivares, but after him the wars made France assume European hegemony and the kingdom lost Portugal and the Netherlands.
Philip IV
king of Spain and Portugal -
He had serious health problems and died childless, but his reign brought peace, the maintenance of the empire and economic recovery.
Research confirms that intermarrying caused the ‘Habsburg jaw’ in Spanish royals -
International conflict after the death of Carlos II that divided the country between supporters of the Habsburgs and the Bourbons, after which, due to the Treaty of Utrecht, Spain lost a large part of its possessions.
War of the Spanish Succession -
Period with episodes of great violence that ended the old regime in France and was followed by the mandate of Napoleon.
5th September 1793: The Reign of Terror begins in France