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The printing press is a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter, mainly text in the form of books, pamphlets and newspapers. History -
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Isabella I of Spain was the queen of Castile and León in her own right and, through marriage, became the queen of Aragon. She married Ferdinand II of Aragon, bringing the kingdoms together into what became Spain.
Thoughtco -
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Ferdinand II, named Ferdinand the Catholic, united the Spanish kingdoms into the nation of Spain and began Spain’s entry into the modern period of imperial expansion.(marriage with Isabella l)
Britannica
VIDEO Catholic Kings: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g88lO1SLYJ0) -
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He was a prominent figure, intellectual, and one of the leading artists that made a name for themselves during the Renaissance.The Last Supper, and The Mona Lisa, are a couple of his most famous pieces, but he also worked on a series of other works during his career and crafted plenty of pieces which have withstood the test of time, and are still considered masterpieces to this day.(https://www.leonardodavinci.net/leonardo-da-vinci-biography.jsp) VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjcJG0YQSds
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Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.
britannica
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4zeaQJluLg) -
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It is universally accepted that Michelangelo is one of the greatest artists in the history of art. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. A side effect of Michelangelo’s fame in his lifetime was that his career was more fully documented than that of any artist of the time or earlier.
britannica
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwgJfRSOgNQ) -
Trying to find a direct sea route west from Europe to Asia, Christopher Columbus stumbled upon the Americas.Though he did not “discover” the so-called New World, millions of people already lived there, his journeys marked the beginning of centuries of exploration and colonization of North and South America.
history
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlfzBNnhqI) -
The Treaty divided the “New World” bewteen the two powers.
Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a demarcation line from north to south in the Atlantic Ocean, 555 kilometers west of the Cape Verde Islands, of the coast of northwest Africa and then controlled by Portugal. Eastern line was claimed by Portugal and western line by Spain.
nationalgeographic
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKyzxCNgX6Y) -
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Juana I of Castilla, also named as Juana la Loca, was Queen of Castile from 1504 to 1555, during which time Spain became a world power, who never actually ruled due to her own mental instability and the greed for power of her father, husband, and son.
encyclopedias
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John Calvin was raised in a staunch Roman Catholic family. The local bishop employed Calvin’s father as an administrator in the town’s cathedral. The father, in turn, wanted John to become a priest. Because of close ties with the bishop and his noble family, John’s playmates and classmates in Noyon were aristocratic and culturally influential in his early life.
calvin.edu
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Son of Juana la Loca and Felipe el Hermoso, he became king of Spain at just 16 years old. Only four years later, he received from his grandfather Maximilian I of Habsburg the crown of the Holy Roman Empire. With strong Christian values, his objective was to consolidate the overseas territories, not only militarily, but through evangelization. nationalgeographic
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHyH8mk0V88) -
In 1517 Luther wrote a document attacking the corrupt practice of the Catholic Church of selling "indulgences" to absolve sin. His "95 Theses," which espoused two core beliefs: that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans can be saved by faith alone and not by works, sparked the Protestant Reformation.
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The Act of Supremacy is the name of two different acts passed by the English Parliament, both of which establish the English monarch as the head of the Church of England and removed the powers of the Pope as the head of the church.The original act passed in 1534 at the request of Henry VIII, while the second act passed during the reign of Elizabeth I.
englishhistory
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpJe85zLnVA) -
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The Council of Trent was a meeting of Catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III (served 1534-1549) in response to the Protestant Reformation. In three separate sessions, the council reaffirmed the authority of the Catholic Church, codified scripture, reformed abuses, and condemned Protestant theology, establishing the vision and goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
worldhistory
VIDEO:(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lr4NftWx1Ao) -
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Felipe II ,son of Emperor Carlos V and Isabel of Portugal. From a very young age he was prepared to be king; Juan Martínez Silíceo and Juan de Zúñiga took charge of this. His father also educated and trained him in politics and diplomacy, leaving him as regent during his absences.He assumed the Spanish throne after the abdication of Carlos I in 1556 and until 1598 he governed the vast empire.
cervantesvirtual -
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He was characterized by a successful peaceful foreign policy in western Europe and internally by the expulsion of the Moriscos.
Philip, after he became king , showed himself to be indolent and indifferent to his responsibilities. His father revealed his disappointment when he remarked that his son was unfit to govern the kingdoms God had given him and would instead be governed by them.
britannica -
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Diego Velázquez was the most important Spanish Baroque painter in the group because he treated all genres with equal excellence: religious, mythological, portraits, historical, landscapes, still lifes, etc.
It is a time in which the artistic style that reigns is the Baroque, which has come to Spain from Italy.
arteespana
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxJmWjFvkE4) -
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Felipe IV of Spain, called "the Great" or "the Planet King" was king of Spain. His reign of 44 years and 170 days was the longest of the house of Austria and the third in Spanish history, being surpassed only by Felipe V and Alfonso XIII, although the first sixteen years of the latter's reign were under regency.
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Carlos II of Spain, called "El Hechizado".Although his nickname came from the attribution of his unfortunate physical state to witchcraft and diabolical influences, it is likely that the successive consanguineous marriages of the royal family caused his serious health problems, with symptoms such as weak muscles and infertility. Some authors they have suggested that the heir suffered from Klinefelter syndrome.
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It was a conflict that arose out of the disputed succession to the throne of Spain following the death of Carlos Il.The war was primarily to determine whether the vast possessions of the Spanish Empire should pass to the House of Bourbon or to the House of Habsburg, both of which had dynastic claims, or whether they should be partitioned to preserve the balance of power in Europe. (https://www.britannica.com/event/War-of-the-Spanish-Succession)
VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvkS3_TenSc -
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It began in 1789 and ended in the late 1790s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. During this period, French citizens radically altered their political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as the monarchy and the feudal system.The French Revolution helped to shape modern democracies by showing the power inherent in the will of the people.
history
VIDEO: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxdqZ7MAYPw)