-
Period: to
How The West Was Won
-
Social Darwinism
Mid 1800's
Social Darwinism was the application of Charles Darwin`s scientific theories of evolution and natural selection to contemporary social development. In nature, only the fittest survived—so too in the marketplace. This form of justification was enthusiastically adopted by many American businessmen as scientific proof of their superiority. -
Assimilation
to take people and put them into a wider society or culture, in this case with the Indians it was not by choice. -
Americanization
A process that American people created; they would go onto the Indian reservations and take the small children until they were about 16 or 17 and teach them that the way they are is wrong, the would shave their hair, take everything from their culture and replace it with something more american. They believed Indians were animals and so they were trying to make the Indian children “human”. -
Automobile
It came out in 1806 which was powered by a internal combustion engine running on fuel gas. -
Manifest Destiny
1820-1860
The belief that God had set aside land for the Anglo people to not only take as theirs but also tame and better the land. -
Boss Tweed
William Magear Tweed, popularly known as "Boss Tweed", was a Democratic New York politician during the nineteenth century. He was a very successful politician. He was the third largest land owner in New York City at the time, owning hotels, banks, a printing company, and railroads. He ensured that his constituents, who were mostly immigrants, were given jobs, orphanages, hospitals, and shelter. (1823-1878) -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century (1835-1919) -
John D. Rockefeller
He built his first oil refinery near Cleveland and in 1870 incorporated the Standard Oil Company. By 1882 he had a near-monopoly of the oil business in the U.S, but his business practices led to the passing of antimonopoly laws. Late in life Rockefeller devoted himself to philanthropy. (1839-1937) -
Eugene V. Debs
He became became president of the American Railway Union in 1839. His union conducted a successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway in 1894. He gained greater renown when he went to jail for his role in leading the Chicago Pullman Palace Car Company strike. He was the Socialist party's presidential candidate in 1900,1908, 1912 and 1920 -
Settlment of the West
From 1850-1890, people moved west and settled there. They pushed the Native Americans to the west, then they pushed them into different reservations. -
Bessemer Proceess
A method for making steel by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities -
Urbanization
Increased population dramatically around 1860 13% of people lived in urban areas and by 1920 most people lived in urban areas -
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
• America's economy grew by more than 400% between 1860 and 1900• Technological advances, expanding population, improved transportation, financial innovation, and new business practices combined to fuel this economic growth• "Titans of Industry" like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan built monopolies and revolutionized business practices• Laissez faire ideology called for little or no government regulation of economic affairs• Unskilled urban workers did not share in econ -
Homestead Act
Land that was owned by the Native Americans were taken away and sold for $10. The people that baught the land had to better the land in some way in 5 years. -
Growth of Railroads: Pacific Railroad Act
An Act to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific ocean, and to secure the government's use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes; followed by several railroad acts later. -
Industrialization in the Gilded Age
1870-1900
This was the time of many new inventions for the US like barbed wire, the assembly line, and later the automobile. -
Nativism
Anti-Foreign Sentiment. (1870-1890) -
Federal Indian Policy
1870-1890
refers the relationship between the U.S. government and the Indian Tribes-conciliation/appeasement-relocation-confinement-Westward expansion and Indian relocation: 19th century; eastern settlers of the U.S wanted to explore westward → Indians forced to move out of their homeland -
Barbed Wire
First used in the Spanish-American War. -
The American Dream
1877-1917
At the time the American Dream was to have money, land, in the west of course, and a steady job to provide for your family. -
Labor Unions
(1877-1917) The Gilded Age was a period of horrific labor violence, as industrialists and workers literally fought over control of the workplace.• Workers organized the first large American labor unions during the Gilded Age• Employers were generally just as determined to stop unionization as workers were to organize unions, leading to frequent conflict• Constant strikes and violence eventually caused the middle class to become fed up with both union and businessmen -
Upton Sinclair
He was an american author who wrote almost 100 books in many different genres. -
Haymarket Riot
On May 4, 1886, a labor protest rally near Chicago’s Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing. The Haymarket Riot was viewed a setback for the organized labor movement in America, which was fighting for such rights as the eight-hour workday. -
Dawes Act
Broke up tribal systems of the Native Americans because some gave up land so they could later become citizens. -
Political Machines
Frustrated farmers organized their own party, the Populists. -
Battle of Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee, located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota, was the site of two conflicts between North American Indians and representatives of the U.S. government. An 1890 massacre left some 150 Native Americans dead, in what was the final clash between federal troops and the Sioux. In 1973, members of the American Indian Movement occupied Wounded Knee for 71 days to protest conditions on the reservation -
Trusts and Anti-Trusts
The act was there to combat anticompetitive practices, reduce market domination by individual corporatins, and perserve unfettereed competition as the rula of trade. -
Political Corruption
The Democrats co-opted much of the Populist agenda and the Populists supported Democrat William Jennings Bryan for the presidency; Bryan lost and the Populists faded away -
Immigration
Immigration during this time spiked dramatically due to pull factors such as land, mass job opportunities, political and religious freedom, etc. -
Teddy Roosevelt
With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the youngest President in the Nation's history. He brought new excitement and power to the Presidency. His term was from 1901-1909 -
Pure Food and Drug Act
United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. -
Eugenics
A science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents. -
Assembly Line
Henry Ford started it for production of an automobile.
