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W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)
African American educator, editor, and writer; he he led the Niagara Movement, calling for economic and educational equality for African Americans. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) PG 162 -
imperialism
the practice of extending a nations power by gaining territories for a colonial empire pg 201 -
Joseph Pulitzer
American journalsit and newspaper publisher; he eatablished the Pulitzer Prize for public service and advancement in education. pg 207 -
Frances Perkins (1882-1965)
First American Woman to head an executive cabinet department; she served as a secretary of labor in FDR's administration. She played an important role in shapping New Deal job programs and labor policy. -
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
ABritish economist; his revolutionary economic theory that limited deficit spending could benefit an economy provided the basis of FDR's successful policies. -
Boyonet Constitution
a constitution the king of Hawaii, Kin Kalakuna, was forced to sign which severely restricted his power and deprived most hawiians of the vote. This gave U.S. warships a permanant port in Hawaii. pg 203 After he died his sister, Liliuokalani, became queen. She wanted to do away with this constitution. She everutnally surrendered her authority under protest. -
William McKinley (1843-1901
25th President of the U.S; he encated protective tariffs in the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 and aquired Cuba , Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines during his administration. He was later assasinated. -
Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)
African-American leader who promoted self-reliance for African Americans;he started the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which urged African Americans to take their pride in their heritage and helped influence the Harlem Reniaissance -
William Randolph Hearst
American journalist; he was famous for sensational news stories, known as yellow jouralis, that stirred feelings of nationalism and formed public opinion for the Spanish-American WAR. PG 283 -
Dorothea Lange (1895-1965)
American photographer; she recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rual poor. -
Explosion of the Maine
The battleship USS Maine had been sent to Havana to protect American lives and property. On Feb. 15, 1898, the Maine mysteriously blew up, killing 260 sailors. Although there was no proof of who did it or why it blew up, Yellow Journalism screamed " DESTRUCTION OF THE WAR SHIP WAS THE WORK OF AN ENEMY" Pleople began to blame the Spanish and this ignited the war. -
Spanish-American War
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de Lome Letter
A letter written by Spain's minister to the United States that was published in a major newspaper; the lettter ridiculed President McKinley and outraged many Americans. This also helped contibuted to war feelings. -
George Dewey
Commander of the United States Navy's Asiatic Squadron; he led the attack in the Pacific during the Spanish-American War. pg 208 -
Philippine Annexation
Filipino nationalists were furious, because they had been fighting for independence from Spain for years. Only to exchange rulers for another. As a result, fighting broke out between flilippinos and U,S soilders. In the end the U.S. offered some authority to Filipinos pg 212 Later on July 4, 1946, the U.S. gave full independence to the Philippines. (supposedly U.S. motive was to help train them for independence) -
Open Door Policy
a policy established by the United States in 1899 to promote equal access for all nations to trade in China pg 204 -
Boxer Rebellion
a seige of foreign settlment in Beijing by Chinese nationalists who were angry at foreign involvement in China pg 204. this rebellion helped increase support for the Open Door Poilicy. -
Foraker Act
Puerto Rico was not at protectorate like Cuba but rather the U.S goverend it as a territory, similary to the Philippines. This act of 1900 established the the US would appoint Puerto Rico's governor and the upper house of its legislature. Puerto Rican were allowed to vote only for the lower hosue. -
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
Mexican bandit and revolutionary, he led the revolts agianst Carranza and Huerta. He was pursued by the United States but evaded General Pershing pg 221 -
Guatanamo Bay Naval Base.
this naval base was made possible through the Platt Amendment.althoguh the ammendment was eventually repealed, the U.S retained its lease at this bay. -
Platt Amendment-made cuba U.S protectorate
The United states feared that imperialist nations might try to take over cuba so they foced cuba to include the Platt Amendment in their new constitution. This limited Cuba's abilitiy to sign treatie with other nations. Also gave the right for the U.S to intervene in any Cuban AFFAIRS. Cuba also had to sell or lease land to the U.S. for naval and coal use. -
Thedore Roosevelt
26th president of the U.S.; He focused his efforts on trust busting, environmental conservation, and strong foriegn policy. pg 183 -
Langston Hughes (1902-1967)
African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. -
Russo-Japanese War
1904-1905 war between Russia and Japan over Manchuria. President Roosevelt helped negotiate a treaty between the two, Treaty of Portsmouth for which he recieved the Nobel Prize for. (Japan was the clear victor of the war) -
William Howard Taft
27th president predisent of the U.S. He angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supposrting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. He lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. -
Mexican Revolution
a revolution led by Francisco Madero in 1910 that eventually forced the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz to resign. pg 221 -
Great Migration
the major relocation of African Americans to northern cities from 1910 and into the 1920s -
Panama Canal
was built to make a faster route to move between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific ocean with out having to travel all the way around South America. U.S. helped in Panama's revolution and in return recieved treaty that provided them soverignty over a 10 mile wide Canal Zone. pg 215 this was a complete difficult process -yellow fever, accidents, lost equipment, and large death toll. -
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States. He proposed the leauge of nations after World War 1. His reform legislation included direct election of senators, prohibitiob, and the women's suffrage. He also created the Fedral Resrve System and the Federal Trade Commission, and he enacted child labor laws. -
Germany Invasion of Belgium (Beginning of WW1)
German troops crossed the border of the neutral country of Belgium. Wilhelm II believed Germany needed to make the first move to catch Belgium and France by surprise. This invasion drew nations into conflict/ war due to allies and alliances that were made prior. Overall the invasion was a brutal one...pg 232 -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1863-1914 Heir to the throne of Austria Hungary, whose assassination by a Serb nationalist started WW1 PG 230 -
Tampico Incident
confrontation between the United States and Mexico at Tampico Bay, Mexico involving the arrest of American sailors by the Mexican government; it led to Congress approving the use of armed forces against Mexico, and was an important event leading up to the Battle of Vercruz. -
Battle of Veracruz
major conflict in the Mexican Revolution pg 222 -
Sinking of Lusitania
A British luxury ship that was sunk by a German u-boat as it sailed through war zone. About 1,200 people died and 128 of them were Americans. facing international criticism, Germany agreed to attack only supply ships, however less than a year later they attacked another passenger ship. -
Sussex Pledge
A pledge Germany issued which included a promise not to sink merchant vessels "without warning and without saving human lives." Pg 239 -
U.S Declaration of War on Germany
In mid March 1917, German U-Boats sank three merchant ships despite their word/promises. This outraged America and it's president at the time, Wilson. Therefore, they joined the war on Allies forces. -
Selective Service Act
Congresses passed this Act which required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register to be drafted in the war. -
Schenck v. United States
An important court case that examined the limits of the First amendment pg 252 -
World War 1
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National War Labor Board
Created by president Wilson, this board meditated disputes between workers and management and set policies the improved working conditions -
Palmer Raids
A series of government attacks on suspected radicals in the United States led by the U.S. attorney general. A Mitchell Palmer. Pg 272 -
Leauge of Nations
International body of nations formed in 1919 to prevent wars pg 255 -
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty ending World War I that required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the Leauge of Nations pg 257 -
Flappers
young women in the 1920s who wore her hair bobbed, wore makeup, dressed in flashy, skimpy clothes, and lived a life of independence and freedom pg 295b -
Prohibition
a ban on alcohol that became law in the 1920; the ban was lifted in 1933 -
Harlem Renaissance
a blossoming of African American art and literature that began in the 1920s pg 304 -
Warren G. Harding
Twenty ninth president of the U.S.His policies favored buisness, but his administration was knon for scandals pg 283 -
Teapot Dome Scandal
A federally owned piece of land in Whoming; it was the center of a government scandal in 1921 when President Hardling's Secretary of the Interior accepted bribes in return for allowing oil companies to drill. -
Calvin Coolidge
30th president of the United States; he became president upon the death of president Warren G. Harding. He was known for his honesty and his pro buisness policies. -
Herbert Hoover
31st President of the United States; he helped save Europe from starvation after ww1 but as president failed to deal effectively with the Great Depression -
The Great Depression
the most severe economic downturn in the history of the United States pg 329 -
Dust Bowl
a nick name for the Great Plains region hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s -
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
high tariff law contributed to a global economic downturn in the 1930s, or hindered the trade system between nations -
Hoover Dam
made to harness the Colorado River to provide electricity and a safe, reliable water supply to a vast area that included parts of 7 states, The project as a whole demonstrated the power of partnerships between private businesses and the federal government. It took 21,000 men 5 years to complete at a cost of $165 million -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
32nd president of the U.S; he focused his efforts on trust busting, environmental conservation, and strong foreign policy. -
Eighteenth Amendment
a constitutional amendment that outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. ; repealed in 1933 -
New Deal
a plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression pg 350 -
Second New Deal
a new set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs, ;also known as the Second Hundred Days -
Fair Labor Standards Act
Last major New Deal law; it established minimum wage and set a maximum number of required hours for a work week. It also included a requirement for workers to receive the overtime rate of time-and-a-half--payment at one-and-a-half times their normal rate for any hours over the weekly minimum. Southern Democrats opposed the bill. -
Yellow Journalism
the reporting of exaggerated stories in newspapers to increase slales. pg 207 -
Rough Riders
a calvery regiment organized by theodore roosevelt; consisted of college althletes , cowboys, ranchers, miners, and native americans. pg 210 -
Roosevelt Corollary
A change to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the U.S. could intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nationa. pg 217 -
Dollar Diplomacy
President Taft's policy of influencing Latin America through economic rather than military intervention pg 217 -
John J. Pershing 1860-1948
American army commander; he commanded the expeditionary force sent into Mexico to find Pancho Villa. He also served as the major general and commander in chief of the American Expeditionary Froces in WWI pg 223 -
Kaiser Whihelm II
1859-1941 General emperor and king of Prussia; his militarism helped cause and prolong WW1 pg 403 -
nationalism
a sense of pride and devotion to a nation;belief that exalts one's own nation above all others. -
imperialism
the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire pg 201 -
militarism
the espansion of arms and the policy of military preparedness -
Triple Alliance
a military allianace between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy pg 231 -
Triple Entente
a military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia pg 231 -
Central Powers
Aliiance betwen Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire pg 232 -
Allied Powers
alliance between Britain, France, and Russia pg 232 -
isolation
a policy in which a nation avoids entanglment in foreign war...the U.S. was in isolation during WW1 but then later joined. pg 239 -
Fourteen Points
President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War 1 Europe and for avoiding future wars pg 255 -
Red scare
Widespread fear of communism pg 272 -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
A treaty signed in 1928 that rejected war as a means to solving problems between counties pg 287 -
Fundamentalism
a belief in the literal interpretation of a particular religion's doctrine or holy books. pg 298 -
Hooverville
makeshift shantytowns that sprang up during the Great Depression; named after president Hoover pg 331 -
Hundred Days
the first hundred days of Franklin Roosevelt's' term as a president during which Roosevelt implemented many new programs pg 350 -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
a program that provided $2 billion in direct government aid to struggling banks and other institutions during the Great Depression pg 338 (made by president Hoover)
