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World War I (1914–1918) devastated Europe and created new countries. The years that followed saw the continent struggle to recover from the death or injury of tens of millions of soldiers and civilians, as well as catastrophic damage to property and industry. In 1933, over 9 million Jews lived in Europe (1.7% of the total population). They raised families also during this national economic depression. German Jews numbered about 500,000 or less than 1% of the national population.
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He is born in Austria.
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He is born in Frankfurt, Germany.
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She is born in Aachen, Germany.
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitates the start of the massive armed conflict in Europe now known as the First World War.
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Ottoman authorities arrest 240 Armenian leaders in Constantinople and deport them east.
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This day saw the heaviest of life in a single day during World War 1.
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The Armistice is signed that ends the war.
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The "War Guilt Clause" of the Versailles Treaty forces Germany to accept responsibility for initiating World War 1.
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Germany accepts the Versailles Treaty.
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Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers' Party(Nazi Party).
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Hitler issues his first written comment on the so-called Jewish Question.
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Adolf Hitler presents a 25-point plan at a Nazi Party meeting.
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The Nazi Party has their first rally in Munich.
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Hitler and the Nazi Party attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic.
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She was born to a Jewish family in Minsk, Belorussia. She was the second of three girls.
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After being released from prison for serving 9 months for treason, he took place as the leader after the re formulation of the Nazi Party.
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Otto Frank and Edith Holländer get married in Aachen, Germany.
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Hitler’s autobiography and anti-Semitic plan is published being called "Mein Kampf."
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She is born as the first daughter of the Franks in Frankfurt, Germany.
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She is born as the second daughter of the Franks in Frankfurt, Germany.
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A proud father pastes two photos into his extensive family journals.
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Nazi supporters at a campaign rally in Waldenberg, Germany. In a speech, Hitler attacks the Weimar Republic and pledges to dissolve the parliamentary system.
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The Nazis receive 37.3 percent of the vote and are asked to form a coalition government.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president. He won the most votes in the history of America presidential elections.
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Following the appointment of Adolf Hitler as German chancellor on January 30, 1933, the Nazi state called the Third Reich, quickly became a regime in which citizens had no guaranteed basic rights. The Nazi rise to power brought an end to the Weimar Republic, the German parliamentary democracy established after World War I. In 1933, the regime established the first concentration camps, imprisoning its political opponents, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and others classified as "dangerous."
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Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany.
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The freedom of speech, assembly, and individual rights are suspended by the Nazi government.
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President Hindenburg suspends constitutional protections in Germany.
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The SS establishes the Dachau concentration camp.
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The Nazis declare a boycott of Jewish businesses and medical and legal practices. A law excluding non-Aryans removes Jews from government and teaching positions.
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German law excludes Jews and other political opponents from civil service positions.
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The law against overcrowding in schools and universities limits the number of Jewish students in public schools.
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Books by Jews, political enemies of the Nazi state, and other ‘undesirables’ are burned in huge rallies throughout Germany.
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In the summer of 1933, the Franks decide that the family must move to the Netherlands because of increasing tensions in Germany. Edith, Margot and Anne Frank join Grandmother Hollander in Aachen. Otto Frank travels to Holland.
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Hitler bans all political parties except for the Nazi Party.
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New German law mandates the forced steralization of certain individuals with physical and mental disabilities.
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Otto Frank establishes his firm Opekta Werke in Amsterdam.
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German Jewish organizations join together to form the Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden.
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New German law forbids non-"Aryans" to work in journalism.
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A new German law allows courts to order indefinite imprisonment.
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Edith and Margot Frank move to Holland.
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Anne Frank joins her family in Holland. She attends the kindergarten of the Montessori School.
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Hitler orders the purge of the top leadership of SA, the Nazi Party paramilitary formation.
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Adolf Hitler becomes President of Germany.
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Hitter declares himself absolute dictator.
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The German government bans all organizations of Jehovah's Witness Christian denomination.
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This facilitates the systematic persecution of homosexual men in Nazi Germany.
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The Nuremberg Laws are passed defining Jews as non-citizens and making mixed Aryan and Jewish marriage illegal. They may not attend public schools. All of their property must be registered and passports marked with a "J." They must wear the "Star of Zion" at all times. They may not draw from their pensions, dispose of savings, and buy gold or other precious metals. Jew aren't allowed change residence without permission of authorities. They may not travel by bicycles, trains, or cars.
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It was a board game created during the Holocaust. It was made by purely only manufacturers. It was a game where Aryans would play and whoever captured th most Jews won.
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Germans march into the Rhineland, violating the Versailles Treaty.
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Olympic games are held in Berlin, Germany till the 16th. The United States participates.
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The van Pels family flees from Osnabruck to Holland during the summer.
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It becomes one of the largest concentration camps established within the old German borders of 1937.
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It becomes one of the largest concentration camps established within the old German borders of 1937.
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The antisemitic exhibition Der Ewige Jude is opened at the library of the German Museum in Munich, Germany by Josef and Julius Streicher.
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Many Jewish children in series were rescued and brought to Britain to survive.
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Germany annexes Austria.
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An American woman describes what she witnessed as Hitler entered Vienna.
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32 countries send delegates to Evian, France to discuss Jewish immigration from Germany in July of 1938. The U.S. And most countries decided to refuse to ease immigration restrictions.
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A new German law requires Jews bearing first names of "non-Jewish" origin to adopt an additional name.
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All German passports held by Jews are declared invalid until they have a "J."
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Robert Harlan witnessed Kristallnacht. He recorded his observations while traveling to help the parents of a Jewish friend whose house was ransacked.
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A new German decree closes all Jewish-owned business.
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Jewish businesses and synagogues are looted and destroyed in Germany and in Austria by order of the state.
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Jewish parents in desperation send their unaccompanied children abroad to escape Nazi persecution.
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Fritz Pfeffer flees Germany and arrives in Holland.
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He was a Swedish businessman-turned diplomat based in Budapes. He was responsible for saving thousands of Hungarian Jews by creating a network to get these people to safety.
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The Holocaust took place in the broader context of World War II. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Over the next year, Nazi Germany and its allies conquered much of Europe. German officials confiscated Jewish property, in many places required Jews to wear identifying armbands, and established ghettos and forced-labor camps. In June 1941, Germany turned on its ally, the Soviet Union. Often drawing on local civilian and police support.
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Hitler declares that the outbreak of war would mean the end of European Jewry.
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Germany occupies Czechoslovakia.
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900 refugees board the boat with visas to escape Europe. Cuba and the U.S. refuse to accept them. At. Louis returns to Europe where France, England, and Holland agree to take 1/3 each of the refugees. Only those in England survive the war.
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Hitler invades Poland and starts World War II
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Hitler implements the T-4 Program, authorizing the killing of the institutionalized, the physically disabled, and the mentally handicapped. It lasted for about three years.
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Germany invades Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
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As authorities establish the largest concentration camp complex of the Nazi regime.
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The back of this Polish Jew's visa bears witness to the vast array of bureaucratic stamps and visas needed to emigrate from Europe in 1940-1941.
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The ghetto was enclosed by a wall that was over ten feet high, topped with barbed wire.
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The destruction of ship carrying 1,800 Jewish refugees.
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Otto Frank’s company moves into the premises at number 263 Prinsengracht.
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Between 15,000 and 20,000 Jews are forced to live within the ghetto boundaries.
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Himmler inspects Soviet prisoners of wR at a GernN camp in occupied Belarus.
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Across Nazi-occupied territory, many Jews engaged in acts of spiritual and intellectual defiance.
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Germany launches its largest military operation of the war.
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They escape with 1,000 refugees in Shang Hi. They saved people by giving them passports that said they were Deutch.
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Herman Goering authorizes Reinhard Heydrich to find a 'Final Solution' to the Jewish question.
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Hitler orders the cessation of centrally coordinated murder of the disabled and responds in part to the public.
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She was a librarian at Vilnius University. She smuggled in supplies for the Jews under the pretext that she was recovering library books from the students at the university. She did this for the next three years. She also was a messenger for them. She would sometimes smuggle children out of the ghetto too.
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German forces occupy Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine.
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German forces occupy Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine.
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German authorities begin deporting Jews from Central Europe to ghettos in occupied eastern territory.
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The plan to annihilate Jews in occupied Poland will led to the murder of some 1.7 million innocent people.
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An SS officer submits his report on the mass killing of Jewish civilians in the northwestern region of the Soviet Union.
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In its function as a tool of deception, it was a unique facility.
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Japan launches a surprise attack on the U.S. In Hawaii and was severely damaging.
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President Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Chelmno was the first stationary facility where poison gas was used for mass murder.
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Germany declares war on the United States.
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He saved 300 Belgian Jews including 200 children. He led an organization network. He kept helping Jews even after they were liberated. He did this till the day he died.
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In a period marked by intense fighting on both the eastern and western fronts of World War II, Nazi Germany also intensified its pursuit of the “Final Solution.” These years saw systematic deportations of millions of Jews to increasingly efficient killing centers using poison gas. By the end of the war in spring 1945, as the Germans and their Axis partners were pushed back on both fronts, Allied troops uncovered the full extent of crimes committed during the Holocaust.
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Senior Nazi officials meet at a villa in the outskirts of Berlin to discuss and coordinate "The Final Solution."
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Anne gets her diary for her 13th birthday.
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A letter was sent to all Jews for labor Jews on a list.
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Anne said her bye to her friend Jackie through a secret correspondence.
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She dies from being shot and thrown into the river after the group she escaped with gets caught by the Germans at age 19.
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They used small fishing boats once the Nazi say they are going to deport the Jews. They deported 7,200 people to Sweden. They kept the Jews homes empty for them to come back and hid Jewish items for them. They were the only country to do this.
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Mrs. Davidowitz, Iboya, Piri, Sandor, and Joli arrived at Auschwitz. Iboya and Piri were separated from the rest of the family on that day and never saw them again.
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Anne and her family were arrested.
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By May 1945, the Germans and their collaborators had murdered six million European Jews as part of a systematic plan of genocide—the Holocaust. When Allied troops entered the concentration camps, they discovered piles of corpses, bones, and human ashes—testimony to Nazi mass murder. Soldiers also found thousands of survivors—Jews and non-Jews—suffering from starvation and disease. For survivors, the prospect of rebuilding their lives was daunting.
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Anne dies at Bergen Belson concentration camp late March.
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British soldiers liberated Bergen Belson.
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Iboya and Piri appears liberated and went to Sweden to start new lives and eventually immigrated to the United States.
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Verdicts delivered for major Nazi German leaders tried.
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Massacre of Jews in the southeastern Polish town of Kielce.
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Her entries were published about this time.
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He is found guilty of crimes against the Jewish people.
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The war in Bonsoa-Herzegovina ended in 1995 with a peace agreement negotiated in Dayton, Ohio.
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Colin Powell concludes that genocide has been committed in Darfur
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The ICC announced in historic decision to issue an arrest warrant charging Sundanese Omar al-Bashir.
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South Sudan declares independence from Sudan and had signed a peace agreement in 2005.
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In France, thousands of people in Paris marched on the streets yelling, "Jews get out of France."
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A group of teens played a game called 'Knock Out The Jew'. It was where they went and beat up a teen on the streets of New York that was Jewish.
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