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Ideas of the Enlightenment
Cause: Curiosity in scientific discoveries caused people to think about their personal ideas more than what the Church, Kings and Queens had to say. Effect: People started to think more independenly and less started to believe in what the Church or the monarchy says. The five ideas of the Enlightenment were created and they are reason, individualism, republicansism, humanism and secularism. -
The Industrial Revolution
Cause: The Enlightenment caused independence and inspiration in people and it resulted in science and technology being more advanced. Effect: Improvements in many fields, such as medicine and manufacturing, lead to positive improvements in the population's lifestyle. It was the start of technology for the present time such steam engines being advanced to factories; and medicine in the 18th century being advanced to immunisations and hospitals. -
The Factory System
Cause: Matthew Boulton created the first factories using James Watt's invention, the steam engine. It allowed huge quantities of goods to be made in a short period of time and it also allowed lots of people to earn money. Effect: Many people had to become employed and it resulted in them living in unhumane conditions. They had to live in poorly ventilated areas with dim lighting which had running sewege and human waste. The rapid influx also lead to many houses needing to be built. -
Voluntary Migration
Cause: People left England to start fresh in the New World. Majority of the people are poor, single men looking to own land to become wealthy. Effect: The amount of men living in Australia caused a gender imbalance to four men to one woman. The bounty scheme was introduced and, in 1838, this caused over 6000 extra settlers to migrate over. -
Involuntary Migration
Cause: Convicts were shipped and were used as slaves for the New World in Australia. Effect: Convicts were put to work not based on their previous crimes but on their skills. Men would usually work in jobs such as being carpenters or cattlemen while women would be best suited to working as being wives and mothers. Educated convicts worked in intellectual jobs such as record-keeping. Approximately 164,000 convicts were deported to Australia during the time 1788 to 1868. -
The Second Fleet
Cause: Since the First Fleet's arrival in Australia was successful, it was believed that it would be successful the second time around. Effect: When they arrived on NSW's coast, only 759 convicts survived out of the original 1017 but, instead of being able to work, they were near to death. The free settlers living there cared for them even though there was a limited food supply and this proved to be difficult. -
The Origins of World War One
Cause: The most significent factors that could have caused WWI were the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, which had caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, and the arms race between Britain and Germany. Effect: The cause of anyone of these factors had created a global battle that two sides, the Allies and the Central Powers, fight against each other. Both sides had received a high amount of casualties but Germany had been the most affected as every country had put their blame on it. -
The Assasination of Franz Ferdinand
Cause: Austria-Hungary had taken over almost half of Serbia and this had caused Dragutin Dimitrijevic, leader of the Black Hand, to plan an assassination to kill Franz Ferdinand. He had thought that this would allow them to take back their original land. Effect: The death of the Archduke had caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and both sides had brought their alliances into it. The war started to include more and more countries until it was on a global scale. -
The Western Front
Cause: The Allied troops were fighting the Germans in a trench warfare that had spanned 700 km. This theatre of war started in Nieuwpoort in Belgium to Pfetterhouse in Germany. It contained a series of battles that could affect the outcome of the war. Effect: After this theatre of war had came to an end, Germany had lost the war and had to sign the treaty of Versailles which caused them to have certain restrictions put on them such as the size of their armies and the amount of naval ships. -
Battle of Gallipoli
Cause: It was suggested by the British War Coucil that Germany can be defeated if her allies were first brought down; Austria, Hungary and Turkey. Effect: The troops had to be evacuated from the battle as there were too many casualties and deaths. It ended with a costly failure but the event had bound the colonies and people of Australia together resulting in the day, Anzac Day, being established. -
German's Defeat at the Somme
Cause: The German had suffered many casualties in the 1916 and 1917 battles. They had gained many more new soldiers and had decided to be on offensive before the US troops to gain victory. Effect: Their attack was a failure and they had a major loss in the number of their soldiers because many either been killed or had surrendered. Their allies had signed a treaty and the Germans were forced to fight alone. The whole army had soon surrendered and Kaiser Wilhelm II had finally signed the treaty.
