History of the Earth By csanding2014 200 Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago. The Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago. 201 Water was on Earth 3.8 billion years ago. Earth's surface cooled enough for water to remain liquid. 202 Rocks were formed 4 billion years ago. 210 Photosynthetic bacteria began pumping oxygen 2.2 billion years ago. 250 Ordovician Period 505-440 mil. yr. ago : Octopi, squid. 250 Silurian Period 440-410 mil. yr. ago: Jawless fish, land plants. 250 Devonian Period 410-360 mil. yr. ago: Insects. Age of Fishes. 250 Carboniferous Period 360-290 mil. yr. ago: Reptiles. 250 Cambrian Period 544-505 mil. yr. ago: Invertebrates, trilobites, brachiopods. 300 Permian Period 290-245 mil. yr. ago: Reptiles. 320 Triassic Period 245-208 mil. yr. ago: Dinosaurs. 320 Jurrasic Period 208-145 mil. yr. ago: Age of Reptiles. 320 Cretaceous Period 145-65 mil. yr. ago: Leafy trees, shrubs, small flowering plants. Mass extinction. 400 Tertiary Period 65-1.8 mil. yr. ago: Marine mammals. 400 Quaternary Period 1.8 mil. yr. ago-present: Humans.