The history of Earth

Hadean Aeon

4650 BCE

This Aeon starts with the origin of the Earth and ends with the formation of the first crust and with the creation of oceans (4650 Ma ago -4000 Ma ago)

Archaean Aeon

4000 BCE

First continental masses are created and the first life forms appeared during this time this first otganisms are simple prokaryotes . Due to the development of Cyanobacteria the atmosphere is filled with oxygen (4000Ma ago- 2500Ma ago)

Proterozoic Aeon

2500 BCE

The continental masses start to move and after some time they join together forming "Pangea I". This period ends with a global ice age extinction known as "Snowball Earth" (2500Ma ago - 542Ma ago) This aeon will divide in three era´s: Palaeo-Proterozoic, Meso-Proterozoic and Neo-Proterozoic

Palaeozoic Era 542Ma ago - 251Ma ago / (https://www.livescience.com/37584-paleozoic-era.html)

542 BCE

The era began with the breakup of one supercontinent and the formation of another. Plants became widespread. And the first vertebrate animals colonized land. This era divides in six periods: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian.

Cambrian period 542Ma ago - 488Ma ago / (https://www.livescience.com/37584-paleozoic-era.html)

542 BCE

In this period the marine life develops, and invertebrates such us chordates and arthropods appear. Also the continents began to separate.

Phanerozoic Aeon / (https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-earth-science-flexbook-2.0/section/19.3/primary/lesson/life-of-the-phanerozoic-eon-ms-es)

542 BCE

This aeon starts with Pangea I (540Ma ago) till nowadays. This aeon is divided in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. During this aeon there will be a lot of climate changes. At the end of Precambrian the planet was covered in glaciers, and at the start od Phanerozoic eon the climate will turn warm and humid. Because of four cycles of the climate, (turning between glaciers to warm and humid) most of the pecies (which are more developed) will die because they could´t adapt to the enviroment.

Ordovician period 488Ma ago - 444Ma ago / (https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/ordovician-period.htm)

488 BCE

Collisions between plates take place during this period making some continental masses join together, which produce an ice age and the Caledonian orogeny, also massive glaciers formed on Gondwana at the South Pole, causing shallow seas to drain and sea level went down, which may cause in the period ending with a mass extinction that affected many marine species. Fish appear and some plants (lykophytes) began to move on land.

Silurian period 444Ma ago - 416Ma ago / (https://www.livescience.com/37584-paleozoic-era.html)

443 BCE

In this period jawless fish spread of throughout the seas. Mollusks and corals also thrived in the oceans. Plants and terrestial arthropods appear. It is thought that plants, although the´d evolved, they still didn´t have leaves or a vascular tissue, which allows the plant to absorb water and nutrients.

Devonian period 416Ma ago - 359Ma ago / (https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/devonian/devonian.php)

416 BCE

In the Devonian period: Ferns appeared, a also the first trees. At the same time, the first vertebrates were colonizing the land. These vertebrates were called tetrapods, and they were widely diverse. Significant changes in the world's geography took place. During this period, the world's land was formed by two supercontinents, Gondwana and Euramerica. These landmasses were relatively near each other in a single hemisphere, while a vast ocean covered the rest of the globe.

Carboniferous period 359Ma ago - 299Ma ago / https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/carboniferous

359 BCE

In this period trapods began laying eggs on land for the first time. Continents join together and cause another ice age, and also the Hercynian orogeny took place. Over the eons the peat transformed into rich coal stores in Western Europe and North America. The name "Carboniferous" refers to this coal.

Permian period 299Ma ago - 251Ma ago

299 BCE

Pangea II was formed Due to the arid conditions, amniotes began to dominate terrestial enviroments The Permian extinction: A lot of volcanic activity took place in this period, making the temperature of the planet rise. The 90% of life in the planet became extinct.

Mesozoic Era/ (https://www.britannica.com/science/Mesozoic-Era)

251 BCE

This era divides in 3 periods:
Triassic: the climate is hot and arid, dinnasours appear.
Jurassic: formation of sallow seas and sedimentation.
Cretaceous: massive extinction with the impact of and asteroid which kill most of the dinosaurs. Pangea fragments into continents which´ll start separating.
Life slowly recovers, giving way to a flourishing diversity of animals, from massive lizards to monstrous dinosaurs.
The temperatures will be warmer and also there won´t be extreme climate changes.

Triasic 251Ma ago - 199Ma ago / (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/triassic)

251 BCE

The climate is hot and arid, and the first mammals and dinnasours appear.
Continents start to separate, Pangea begins to fracturate.
Marine life begins to recover and reptiles, insects and gymnosperms dominate on land
The oceans teemed with the coiled-shelled ammonites, mollusks, and sea urchins that survived the Permian extinction and were quickly diversifying. The first corals appeared, though other reef-building organisms were already present.

Jurasic 199Ma ago - 145Ma ago / (https://scienceviews.com/dinosaurs/jurassic.html)

199 BCE

Formation of sallow seas and sedimentation.
Pangaea split into two major continents: Laurasia and Gondwana. This division opened up what would eventually become the Gulf of Mexico

Cretaceous 145Ma ago - 65.5Ma ago / (https://www.livescience.com/29231-cretaceous-period.html#:~:text=The%20Cretaceous%20Period%20was%20the,at%2065.5%20million%20years%20ago.)

145 BCE

The Cretaceous was a period with a relatively warm climate, resulting in high eustatic sea levels that created numerous shallow inland seas.
Massive extinction with the impact of and asteroid which kill most of the dinosaurs.

Palaeogene 65.5Ma ago - 23Ma ago

65 BCE

The survivial mammals, birds and angiosprems begin to reproduce. The continents continue separating. Alpine orogeny ends.

Cenozoic Era 65.5Ma ago - Nowadays / (https://biologia-geologia.com/BG4/5623_cenozoico.html#:~:text=Los%20principales%20acontecimientos%20del%20Cenozoico,Se%20desarroll%C3%B3%20la%20orogenia%20Alpina.)

65 BCE

The continents that had been fragmented from Pangea continued their separation to their current position.
When the fragmented continents of Pangea collided, mountain ranges such as the Alps, Pyrenees, and Himalayas were formed.
The Alpine orogeny was developed.
Diversification of mammals. They are spread all over the Earth.
Appearance of hominids and the human species.

Neogene 23Ma ago - 2.5Ma ago

23 BCE

First arthropoid primates appear. Flora and fauna are modified because of climate changes. First hominids appear and evolve to humans. Great Red Sea and Rift Valley open up

Quaternary 2.5Ma ago - Nowadays

2 BCE

Ice age begins and the continents reach the position they have nowadays