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Before the photographic camera there was camera obscura (Latin for dark room). Is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon that will happen when an image of a scene on the other side of a screen like object is projected through a small opening in said screen and forms an inverted image. (left to right and upside down) The oldest record of this phenomenon is by Han Chinese philosopher Mozi, Mozi correctly stated that the image is inverted because light travels in straight lines from it's source.
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The first permanent photograph was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce of the view outside his window. He called this form of photography "heliography". Eventually the French government acquired this process and sent pensions to those who had originally crated and developed the method.
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Built by Alphonse Giroux in 1839. He signed a contract to have them built in France, each device cost 400 francs. The camera was a box design with a landscape lens fitted on the outside. And a holder for the glass focusing screen and image plate on the inside of the box.
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William Henry Fox Talbot created a process to fix camera images by using silver salts, although disappointed over not being the first to discover "photography" he submitted a pamphlet to the royal institution which was the first proper written description of photography. 2 Years later he developed a method of creating photos onto paper called calotypes, which utilized negative prints.
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Photographic film most closely associated with George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885 before switching to celluloid in 1889. His first camera the "Kodak" was first for sale in 1888. It was a very simple box camera but the brand caught on, very quickly becoming one of the most recognizable camera brands by the end of the 19th century.
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Another advantage of using film is the ability to play it all very quickly in a row introducing moving pictures "movies"
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A researcher at the company Leitz decided to research 35mm cameras which would help to get high quality enlargements of the photos. Further development of the prototype camera was delayed by The First World War. After that event the commercialized their 35mm cameras. They received enough positive feedback to start mass producing them. A number of copycats came about because of this which helped to cement 35mm as the format for professional high-end cameras.
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An advance in the TLR and SLR technology that makes them better and less expensive sends them up in popularity skyrocketing brands such as Nikon to global recognition.
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In 1948 a new type of camera appeared on the market, this camera was the Polaroid model 95, because of these many will know instant cameras by the name Polaroid.
