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Brown v. Board of Education
On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (P.L. 89-10)
The act emphasizes equal access to education, aiming to shorten the achievement gaps between students by providing federal funding to support schools with children from impoverished families. . Initiatives for low-income families, applies to children who need support to benefit from public school education. Since 1965, ESEA has been modified and reauthorized by Congress several times -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) (P.L. 94-142, Part B)
Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142), in 1975, to support states and localities in protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving the results for Hector and other infants, toddlers, children, and youth with disabilities and their families. Link text -
Honig v. Doe
Honig v. Doe, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 20, 1988, ruled (6–2) that a California school board had violated the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA; later the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) when it indefinitely suspended a student for violent and disruptive behavior that was related to his disability. In addition, the court affirmed that the state must provide services directly to students with disabilities when local school boards fail to do so. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P.L. 101-476)
The 1990 Amendments (Public Law 101-476) renamed the legislation as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and added traumatic brain injury (TBI) and autism to the category of disabilities. Other changes in 1990 required that an individual transition plan be created for each student no later than age 16. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P.L. 105-17)
Requires students with disabilities to receive services even if expelled, allows use of developmental delay category through age 9, requires access to general education curriculum and state/district-wide testing, IEP team includes a general education teacher and a behavior plan (if warranted), offers mediation options, limits attorneys fees. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. The U.S. Department of Education emphasizes four pillars within the bill. Link text -
Winkelman v. Parma City School District
In an opinion written by Justice Kennedy, the Court concluded that IDEA grants parents independent, enforceable rights that encompass a child's entitlement to a free appropriate public education and that these rights are not limited to procedural or reimbursement issues. Link text