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Originators of Special Education
European Physicians:
Jean-Marc-Gaspard (1774-1838)
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) -
Early U.S. thinkers of special education
Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876)
a physician and an educator - 1824 graduate of Harvard Medical School
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet (1787-1851) -
Major 20th Century Ideas in Special Education
Normalization - using normative means to establish and maintain personal behaviors/characteristics.
Deinstitutionalization - the removal of children and adults with intellectual disabilities and/or mental illnesses from institutions.
Inclusion: exceptional children in ordinary classrooms with non-exceptional peers -
National Parent Organizations- origination
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Origination of Special Olympics
Eunice Kennedy Shriver - originated the Special Olympics.
Called the event Camp Shriver (http://www.specialolympics.org) -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Federal Law passed- 1975; -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
amended from the 1975 act in 1990
Ensures all children with disabilities have the right to a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - 1990
Federal law to ensure right of individuals with disabilities to non-discriminatory treatment. -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB)
Under President George W. Bush administration - attempt to improve academic performance of all students, including those with disabilities.