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Plato suggests that the brain is the seat of all mental processes.
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Aristotle suggests that the heart is the base of all mental processes.
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John Locke, a British philosopher, rejects the thought of innate ideas and insists that the mind is a blank slate upon birth.
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Philippe Pinel releases the first mental patients from chains in Bicetre, France and advocates for more humane treatment.
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Franz Joseph Gall, a German physician, describes phrenology which is the belief that the shape of a person's skull shapes their mental faculties and personality.
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Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist and physician, shows that damage to a certain area of the left temporal lobe of the brain results in the inability to comprehend or produce written or spoken language.
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James Mark Baldwin builds the first psychology labrotory in the British Commonwealth at the University of Toronto.
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Leta Stetter Hollingworth publishes the "Psychology of Subnormal Children" and is quoted in 1921 in the "American Men of Science" for her research on women.
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Francis Cecil Sumner receives a Ph.D. in psychology and becomes the first African American to receive a psychology doctorate.
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Walter B. Cannon creates the term homeostasis, discusses the "flight or fight" response, and identifies hormone changes due to stress.
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Egas Moniz, a Portuguese physician, publishes work on the first frontal lobe lobotomies on humans.
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Ugo Cerletti and Lucino Bini use electroshock therapy on a human patient.
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Edward Alexander Bott helps establish the Canadian Psychological Association and becomes the first president in 1940.
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Karen Horney, who criticized Freud's theory of female sexual development, publishes "Our Inner Conflicts".
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Alfred Kinsey and colleagues publish "Sexual Behavior of the Human Male".
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Jerome Kagan and Howard Moss publish "Birth to Maturity".
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Raymond B. Cattell distinguishes between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
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Jerome Bruner and colleagues at Harvard University's Center for Cognitive Studies publish "Studies in Cognitive Growth".
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Neal E. Miller's article in "Science", describing instrumental conditioning of autonomic responses, stimulates research on biofeedback.
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Psychologist Herbert A. Simon, of Carnegie-Mellon University, wins a Nobel Peace Prize for pioneering research computer simulations of human thinking and problem solving.
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Fluoxetine (Prozac) is introduced as a treatment for depression.
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About 3,000 United States secondary school students take the first Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology, hoping to earn exemption in the class in a post-secondary learning environment.
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New Mexico becomes the first U.S. state to allow qualified psychologists to prescribe certain drugs to patients.
