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Floki Vidgerdarson, a Norwegian Viking, discovers Iceland.
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Russian G. Istoma venturing out of the White Sea explores Murman Coast and coast of northern Norway, also western coast of Novaya Zemlya
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Willem Barents, after whom the Barents Sea is named, makes three voyages trying to find a Northeast Passage. He discovered Spitsbergen and sailed on to the Kara Sea.
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Henry Hudson, an Englishman, attempts to find the Northwest Passage to Asia through the Arctic Ocean.
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James Cook, sailed on the ships Discovery and Resolution on his final voyage of exploration, in hope of finding the Northwest Passage.
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William Parry sails on his third and final voyage to the Canadian Arctic where he encounters shifting ice, and eventually abandoned ship.
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US Naval Officer Lt. George Washington DeLong commands an expedition to reach the North Pole, in 1879, where their ship sank.
