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Early Civilizations

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  • Period: 500 BCE to 1000

    THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES

    ➤ Christianity, monasteries and monks.
    Monks ran schools and copied books for those who couldn't read or write,they collected and saved ancient writings from Greece and Rome,and they served as scribes and advisors to local rulers.
    ➤ BEOWULF is the oldest literature written in European vernacular and the oldest surviving epic poem. That may have even been created as early as 700 AD. However the manuscript has been dated at 1000 AD.
  • 450 BCE

    THE INDIANS

    THE INDIANS
    The main focuses of this period were: pronunciation and grammar because they were aware that their language had diverged from that of their oldest sacred texts, the Vedas, in both pronunciation and grammar.Pronunciation was important because an important part of their belief was that certain religious ceremonies, to be successful, needed to reproduce accurately the original form of these texts.
  • 300 BCE

    THE GREEKS

    THE GREEKS
    Greeks concentrated on was written language and they were interested in the fields of grammar and etymology.
  • 150 BCE

    THE ROMANS

    THE ROMANS
    The Romans followed Greek precedents and introduced an approach to language. The most influential work of the Roman period was: the codification of Latin grammar by Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 bc) under the headings of etymology, morphology, and syntax.Varro's work held the view that language is first and foremost a social phenomenon with a communicative purpose. Focus on grammatical notions.
  • Period: 1000 to 1500

    THE LATER MIDDLE AGES

    ‣ Christian church grew stronger
    ‣Church leaders helped build the first universities in Europe.
    ‣ Some of the earliest universities were created by the church. The church's goal was to teach people about religion. Other universities were created by groups of students who went searching for teachers who could tell them about the world.
    ‣ All classes were taught in LATIN.It was the language of scholars and the church.
  • Period: 1270 to

    THE RENAISSANCE

    ＊ Interest in Greek and Roman writings was revived.
    ＊ Italian writers contributed great works of literature.
    ＊ Revived subjects that the Greeks and Romans had studied like grammar, speaking, poetry, history, and the Greek and Latin
    languages.
    ＊Paper and printing led to the spread of new ideas.
    ＊ The first printed book was a Bible printed in the Latin language in about 1455.
    ＊ Important writers as: Shakespeare. Shakespeare is probably responsible for more than 2,000 English words.