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Freelance instructional technologists who were majorly doing either careful prepared lecture or lecture on the requested topic by the audience or debating with another sophist. The main contribution of this group was about trageting public audiences rather than looking into more private societies.
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Introduced the universal system of knowledge "an open system which led from kindergarten to throught the university". It was the true fore runner of modern uniform educational technology.
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It is an example of the comenius's method which was written for children studying Latin and sciences. One of the most famous illustrated textbook.
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Abelard shape this method by his famous book "Sic et Non". This method provided the logical thinking which is needed for inquiry and exprementation learning.
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Provide the low-cost systematic framework for instruction, monitor training, control, grouping, testing, and administration for group instruction.
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He believed that instrcutions should follow the natural human development path for being successful.
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During this time, media was used in the US for the first time as an instructional technology. It is one of the most important events about visual instruction. The visual instructional materials were available to be used for increasing the engagement of students in the classroom.
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The first catalog of the instructional film came into existence and The Rochester university became first for adapting it to the university regular instructional use.
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Later this department was evolved to "Association for Educational Communications and Technology" or AECT. It took the control of the instructional design field.
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During the world war ||, many of the educators were called to develop the trainings for both military pesonles and civilizan.
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This concept was introduced in the book of "Audiovisual methods in teaching". It showed that there is a relation between the way audiovisual materials are delivered and their values. It is also known ac "Learning Cone" whish shows how much encounter information affect the way people remeber concepts.
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This paper described some ideas about how to make the instructional design more effective.
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IBM researchers developed the first CAI for the public schools. PLATO and TICCIT were the two projects developed by researchers.
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This model is categorizing learning objects by the type of learner behavior( cognitive, affective, sensory domains).
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it was including forums, message boards , online testing and even multiplayer games. It was delivering course from elementry to university
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The goal behind this method is to measure how well an individual can perform specific behavior without considering how others are performing it. One of the main point about this type of test is to applying the same standards to all students(even underprivileged or underrepresented ones).
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Gagne introduced nine instructional events and five different types of learning associated with them.
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Instructors should share the draft of instructional material with learners and get their feedback instead of providing the final version. This lead to imporvement on the learning process.
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Shifting from audiovisual instruction to Educational technology.
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During this decade , we see a major shift from traditional learning theory , which was focused on the instructor, to the constructivist which is focused more on the learner's role in constructing the knowledge.
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The number of distance learning degrees offered by institutions increased.
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using game components in order to increase the engagement level or any other type of behavior.
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In the current century, it refers to use of robots to encourage the students to become more engaged about learning complex concepts.
Photo credit: https://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstorms/history
