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Period: 460 BCE to 377 BCE
First Accounts of Mentally Ill
-Cave Dwelling to Modern Civilizations (China, Egypt, Greece): Belief that people were possessed by devil and demonic influence
-Hippocrates:
Greek physician, known as father of medicine created forms of physical illness: melancholia, mania, and phrentis -
Period: 500 to 1500
Mental Illness Continued
Middles Ages: Medical and Physical theories lost in Western society. -
Period: 980 to 1037
Investigation of Mental Illness
Islamic physician, Avicenna: logical research on mental illness termed melancholia, epilepsy, mania, and hysteria; but not influential in Western society -
Period: 1536 to
Sources of Mental Illness Investigated
-Plater: Mentally ill possessed by demons
-Johann Weyer: German physician- wrote book, The Deception of Demons, referring to so-called 'witches' as mentally sick -
Period: 1547 to
Institutions for Patients of Mentally Ill
Henry VIII (London): created St. Mary of Bethlehem (Bedlam), asylum or "madhouse" for patients -
Period: to
Mentally Ill Directed Away From Religion
-Philosophers distinguish differences between "mind" and "soul"
-Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley create concept of mental functions. -
Period: to
Humane Treatment of Patients with Mental Illnes
-Phillipe Pinel, French physician, known for advocating for human treatment of patients with mental illness -
Period: to
American Research on Mentall Illness
-Benjamin Rush, father of American psychiatry, introduces "moral derangement", fought for education and humane treatment of patients with mental illness -
Period: to
Educating Patients with Mental Illness
-Jean Itard, wrote classic book, The Wild Boy of Aveyron, accounts of his attempts to teach a orphaned child with mental illness and mental retardation. -
Period: to
US Institutions Created
-Schools for deaf, blind, and feeble-minded established
-Pennsylvania Training School for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Children, New Jersey Training School for Feeble Minded Boys and Girls -
Period: to
Campaign in US for Appropriate Treatment of Mentally Ill
-Dorothy Dix, campaigned for public support and funding for hospital for patients with mental Illness in America
-Samuel Gridley Howe, physician and educator, director of Boston's first state institution for patients with mental illness -
Period: to
Scientific Method Applied to Study of Behavior
-Empirical research completed, by Gustav Fechner and Sir Francis Galton, to compare pathological behavior to normal behavior. -
Period: to
Minimal Support in Education for Mentally Ill
-Compulsory Education Law spread throughout US
- Students with mental illness were deemed "uncorrectable" and segregated in separate classes.
-Many students were excluded fro schools -
Period: to
Intelligence Test of Mentally Ill
-Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon developed intelligent test, Staford-Binet, to predict school success of mentally ill
-Measurement of Intelligence and The Intelligence of School Children- assessments which grouped students with mental disorders in separate classes -
Period: to
Social Movements for Emotionally Disturbed
-Dr. William Healy, Augusta Bronner, Grace Fernald, and Julia Lathrop developed Juvenile Psychopathic Institute and studied children who engaged in antisocial and criminal behavior
-Council for Exceptional Children and Council for Children with Behavior Disorders developed in support of children with disabilities -
Period: to
Therapuetic Milieu Principle
-Bruno Bettelheim, Fritz Redl, and associates introduce principles around therapeutic milieu therapy with seriously disturbed and aggressive children. -
Period: to
Non-institutionalized Settings
-New York City establishes 600 therapuetic settings for students with emotionally disturbed and socially maladjusted which prepared them to re-enter regular school settings. -
Period: to
Guided Instructions for Working with Emotionally Disturbed
-Books, Case Studies and reports gave strategies in teaching students with emotional distrubances
-Fruedian theories used to support active treatment of students with disabilities
-B.F. Skinner's theory was important methods that guided practice on classroom management -
Period: to
Term: Emotional Disturbance
-Eli Bowers completes research and identifies 5 characteristics of students with emotional disturbance hold. This term is adopted by federal government. -
Period: to
Special Message to Congress
-President John F. Kennedy shares Special Message to the Congress on Mental Illness and Retardation.
-National health program created
-P.L. 88-164 established adding disability category of "serious emotionally disturbed"
-In 1965, funds allocated for Community Mental Health Centers -
Period: to
Mills vs. Board of Education 1972
-Groundbreaking federal case, filed against District of Columbia Board of Education
-Parents and Guardians of students with multiple behaviors who were denied education filed expulsion on basis of behaviors was unconstitutional
-Results ruled in support of students rights to public education and due process procedural safeguards -
Period: to
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
-Law that prohibits discrimination of people with disabilities
-Mental Impairment is viewed as a major life impairment -
Period: to
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EAHCA)
-President George Ford signed law (PL 94-142), requiring states to provide all students with disabilities a free and appropriate public education, ages 3-21.
- "Social emotional disturbance" defined -
Period: to
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
-In 1990, 1997, and 2004, PL 94- 142 also known as EAHCA was renamed with amendments to people first language, adding disability categories, focus on implementing quality education; Special initiatives for students with EBD
-1997 amendments included Functional Behavior Analysis and the Behavior Intervention Plan of students with Emotional and Behavior disabilities
-2004 amendments address behavior strategies, IEP team assessments and professional developments