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In Halifax a decree was made that enforced a minimum wage of at least 18 pence a day as well as provisions to survive on. This is the first proper enforcement of a minimum wage which still holds to the present day. This represents historical significance because this marked the very beginnings of modern-day employment. Today, we have a standardized minimum wage for all employment. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/economy-and-labour/
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Established by Bartholomew Green in Halifax, this printing press marks the first steps of Canada beginning to establish businesses and more complicated facilities. https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1203-e.html
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John Simcoe was Canada's first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada, also serving as a military officer.
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The Halifax Gazette was Canada's very first newspaper. This was the first print, created by John Bushell. He would also publish Canada's first book on December 6. The pamphlet was eight pages, made for the government. This represented historical perspectives, the way newspapers were written and the width/breadth of topics they covered could have been very different from what is done in today's media.
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This was an extremely important part of the Seven Years War. The British led by General James Wolfe defeated a French force led by Marquis de Montcalm. Both generals were killed in action. Cause and consequence was represented here. This led to the surrender of New France five days later, cementing the English's hold on Canada. This would be a pivotal moment in deciding the dominant force in Canada and how it's society would grow into the present day.
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Taking place from Aug. 16-25, this marked the final major engagement between the French and English in the Seven Years War in Canada. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thousand_Islands
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This document ends the Seven Years War. France gave up much of their holdings in North America except for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. In exchange, Britian agreed to maintain Roman Catholicism in Canada.
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James Murray is appointed Governor of Quebec. He did an excellent job in avoiding antagonizing the newly conquered French by permitting their culture as much as possible. This kept Quebec from becoming too rebellious or dissatisfied. However, his allowances for French customs and courts led to his recall in April of 1766. He will be succeeded by Guy Carleton. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Murray_(British_Army_officer,_born_1721)#Governor_of_Quebec
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Civil courts are created in Quebec, finally ending the military ruling system in the province. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/the-law/
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The Quebec Act protected French culture in Canada. It permitted religious freedom and preserved French civil law. It would later be replaced by the the Constitutional Act in 1791. This represents the ethical dimension as it helped French Canadians claim their place in Canada and protect their culture + rights. http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/quebec-act-1774.html
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Exact day unknown, only known that it started June 1775. During the American Revolution, the Americans pushed to invade Canada. Rebel forces moved to occupy Montreal and attack Quebec. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/american-revolution/
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Approximately 40,000 British loyalists arrive in Halifax. They would later form New Brunswick and Upper Canada.
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Captain James Cook departed on his final voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition ultimately failed, leading to the deaths of both Cook and his second, Charles Clerke. The expedition discovered the Hawaiian Archipelago.
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General Cornwallis was forced to surrender by General George Washington commanding an army of 16,000 American and French troops. This battle marked the end of major armed hostilities for the American Revolution. General Cornwallis brought only 8,000 soldiers, expecting additional British ships to arrive with reinforcements which failed to arrive in time due to French ship interference. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/revolut/jb_revolut_yorktown_1.html
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The Treaty of Paris (1783) marked the end of the American Revolution and allowed the independence of the American colonies. Life became difficult for British Loyalists in the U.S due to losses of property and discrimination. As a result, they began to immigrate to Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-paris-1783/
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Royal Saint John Gazette and Nova Scotian Intelligencer are both published, making them the first newspapers in New Brunswick. The newspapers were established by William Lewis and John Ryan. This represented evidence as newspapers are an excellent way to discover the opinions of the media in that point of time. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/society/newspapers-1879.php
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Trial by jury is initially introduced at this date. This concept still remains into the present day, available for any citizen who faces a crime that has five or more years of imprisonment. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jury/
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Passing through British Parliament, the province of Quebec was divided into Upper and Lower Canada. The Ottowa River was designated as the border. Lower Canada had 225,000 inhabitants while Upper Canada only had 46,000. This represented continuity and change as this later would end with both Upper and Lower Canada forming into a single country under the Constitution. https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=constitutional_act_1791
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Mentioned in 1752, John Simcoe arrives in Canada as appointed to become governor-in-chief for both Upper and Lower Canada. Extremely ambitious, he attempted a grand plan to revolutionize Canada into Britian's likeness. This failed due to the unrealistically high expectations the plan called for. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/simcoe_john_graves_5E.html
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A journalist and politician, Mackenzie was born in Dundee, Scotland. He led a failed rebellion in 1837. He led the 'Reform Movement' which demanded a responsible government and fought against the colonial regime in Upper Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mackenzie-william-lyon/
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York becomes capital of Upper Canada; York is what Toronto is today. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/upper-canada/
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The first smallpox vaccinations were performed by Dr. John Clinch. This would go on to help stall the epidemics that rampaged across Canada in the 17th century. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/8160
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A major event that increased tensions between Britain and the U.S. further. The HMS Leopard (British) boarded the USS Chesapeake to force British crewmen to join the British Navy. One crewman was forced into service this way.
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Fraser found a route to the Pacific by using a river that was later named the Fraser River. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/3898
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This act was why in the present day the province is referred to as Newfoundland and Labrador; this act joined the two together. This represented historical significance because this is why the province is referred to as Newfoundland and Labrador in the present day.
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Major General Brock was appointed to defend Canada against American forces. When the War of 1812 started, Brock successfully led his forces to stop American troops from invading the country. This represented historical significance; if the Americans has successfully taken Canada from Britain, the country could be dramatically changed from what it is now. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Brock
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Known for having multiple renditions of the same song about it, the Battle for New Orleans left a noticable mark on history. It was the last major battle of the War of 1812. In the end, all land was returned so borders were unchanged from the gains and losses of the war. http://www.eighteentwelve.ca/?q=eng/Topic/59
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On this date was the declaration of war on Britain by the U.S. This would lead to the razing of both capitals, York and Washington. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/war-of-1812/
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American forces led an attack on what would be Windsor (knokwn as Sandwich at the time). They would be repelled across the Detroit river. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/7810
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Another Father of Confederation, Campbell attended the Charlottetown and Quebec conferences. Campbell was not a major political leader, but performed well in a subordinate role. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-alexander-campbell/
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The Notre Dame is the oldest surviving Gothic Revival Church structure survivng into the present day. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/3998
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The Montreal Medical Institution was the very first medical school in Canada, starting with a class of 25 students. It would later become the medical part of McGill University. This represented continuity and change. The beginnings of access to proper medical education was a sign of Canada's progress in terms of knowledge and technology. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/8179
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Fleming was a Canadian engineer that helped standardize time zones, introduced postal stamps and was responsible for engineering two railways. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandford_Fleming
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Quebec and Montreal are now considered cities. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4055
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Located by Sir James Clark Ross, the Magnetic North Pole was claimed in the name of King William IV. This was historically significant; this marked a major discovery for explorers and navigators as the Magnetic North Pole is not the same as the actual North Pole. This aided in the orientation of compasses and various other navigation equipment.
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With this act, slavery was abolished in British colonies. Slavery was generally less in demand than it was in the U.S, where the plantations demanded additional manual labour. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/slavery/
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The Patriotes attack a Montreal calvalry unit, kicking off the Lower Canada Rebellion. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4119
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This Act of Union combined both Lower and Upper Canada into a single province. It was governed by eighty-four legislative members, fourty-two members for Canada East and Canada West. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4088
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An act was put into effect that established public schools. This concept would continue to the present day (which led to the creation of this project in the long run). http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4069
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Sir Wilfred Laurier was Canada's Prime Minster from 1896 to 1911. He would oversee the joining of both Alberta and Saskatchewan into the Confederation. Laurier attempted to help mend relations between the English and French Canadians while pushing to develop the country further. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-wilfrid-laurier/
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Responsible for both the Northwest and Red River Rebellions, Louis Riel fought to protect Metis rights from the Canadian government. He would later be executed under John A. Macdonald's term in government. Louis Riel was an extremely historically significant and iconic figure in Canadian history due to leading two rebellions in his fight for Metis independence from the British's push across Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/louis-riel/
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The first stamps created in Canada were the Twelve-Pence Black, a Three-Pence Beaver and a Six-Pence Prince Consort. While somewhat falling out of popularity in the present day due to technology, stamps are still used regularly. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4051
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The Marco Polo was a Canadian clipper that would be recorded as the fastest ship in it's day. It still holds significance today as a Canadian icon.It's record setting run ran from Liverpool to Australia. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4052
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Sir Robert Borden served as prime minister from 1911 to 1920. He led Canada through WWI, fighting for autonomy from British directives. Borden is depicted on our hundred dollar bill and was also responsible for the introduction of Income Tax which persists to this day. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-robert-borden/
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Under Queen Victoria's orders, Ottowa was selected to become Canada's capital city. This was officially set on September 24, 1859. This represents continuity and change - the change to Ottowa may have been for various reasons, one among them was to safeguard against Canada's capital coming under attack against like how York was razed by the Americans.
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Sir Byng is a famous figure on World War II, commanding Canadian forces on the attack on the iconic Vimy Ridge. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julian-byng-1st-viscount-byng-of-vimy/
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The BNA act was what turned Canada into a full-fledged country, though full autonomy from Britain would take some time. The four intial provinces were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. An event of extreme historical significance, the BNA was when Canada became a country instead of a simple collection of provinces under British rule. http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1867/1867-12-bna-act.html
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Canada as a Dominion is created, it was made of Ontario, Québec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
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One of the leading Fathers of Confederation, John A. Macdonald was Canada's first Prime Minister. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-alexander-macdonald/
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The Manitoba Act recieved royal assent, Manitoba becoming the fifth province of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4232
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Following Manitoba, British Columbia becomes the sixth province of Canada. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4232
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Most well known for writing the poem 'In Flanders Fields' during WWI, His poem symbolized the losses and sacrifice of soldiers in WWI, and is recited during Rememberance Day. 'In Flanders Fields' provided insight and a symbol into what soldiers in WWI suffered and endured as they fought in the brutal conditions of trench warfare.
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By act in Canadian Parliament caused the formation of the Supreme Court. Their first sitting would take place January 17, 1876. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/events/4354
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Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont lead the Métis North-West Rebellion and eventually lost against the Canadian
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Of the Big Six, this represents the Ethical Dimension. The reason why is because Louis Riel's hanging combined with John A. Macdonald's reaction "He shall die though every dog in Quebec bark in his favour." had a very large impact on French-English relations in Canada, even till this day.
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John A. Macdonald dies of a stroke in Office after serving 19 years as Prime Minister.
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Wilfred Laurier is the first French Canadian Prime Minister.
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This discovery prompted the gold rush and over 100,000 people came as fast as they could.
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After the Klondike Gold Rush, Yukon separates from the North West Territories.
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The Boer War was the first over-seas war that Canada is involved in. I think the Boer War fits well within the Historical Significance of the big six as it paved the way for the Canadian military to obtain the reputation it has today.
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Of the Big Six this would represent Historical Significance. The reason why is because the joining of both provinces to Canadian confederation still to this day has a large impact on all residents of Canada as Saskatchewan provides majority of the country with Agriculture foods/supplies and Alberta has one of Canada's largest industries: Oil.
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Roald Amundsen and crew sail the Gjoa through the North West Passage.
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This flight flown by John A. marks the start of the Aviation Industry of Canada.
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Borden was the first Prime Minister to challenge Britain for Canada's sovereignty.
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He has become known as the longest serving leader in all of the British Empire.
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The ship Empress of Ireland collided with the Norwegian ship Storstad. There were over 1,400 passengers in the Empress of Ireland and over 1,000 died.
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As a result of still being one of Britain's colonies, Canada is dragged into the war. This causes Canada to send 25,000 troops overseas almost immediately.
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Because of women's prominent presence in the war and them having to work to support the war effort, the government was forced to allow women to vote in elections. This would fit in Historical Perspective as before the 1910s, women were still viewed as caretakers and powerless on their own. Now that women filled the shoes of the men as Canada's work force, it proved that women were a force to be reckoned with.
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Mackenzie King later became known as the longest serving leader in all of the British Empire.
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The Halibut Treaty largest importance was that it was the first time that Canada had made negotiations without Britain.
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Seven Canadian Women perform in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. One won a silver medal and another won a bronze.
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The North American Stock Market crashes and thus causes the Great Depression. The Big Six that this would be relatable to would be Cause and Consequence. The First World War caused the Great Depression because the important countries in World War I were not prepared for how their economies were now structured. (As an example, this would include an over production of food in Canada which caused the harvests that followed the few years after yielding next to nothing.)
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Maurice Duplessis was known as a controversial leader of Quebec.
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For the next 12 days after, Canada is blasted by blazing hot heat reaching up to 42 degrees Celsius. Over 780 Canadians died from it.
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This kicks off Canada's participation in World War II. The way this relates to the Big Six would be Cause and Effect. After World War I as part of surrendering, the world powers at the time ruined Germany's economy by making it pay back reparations to help replace all the funds the allies spent on the War. This made Germany's economy tank and in turn the Germans needed something to lead them out of their predicament and that something turned out to be Hitler.
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Quebec is the last province to allow women to vote in federal and provincial elections.
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During World War II the main fights that Canadians participated in were in either Sicily or Italy.
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World War II ends after the United States of America drops two nukes in Japan. This event is relatable to the Big Six: Cause and Effect as for the first time the Americans were attacked on their own land at Pearl Harbour by the Japanese. This caused the Pacific War which resulted in approximately 36 million deaths. The Americans decided that the best way to stop more blood shed was to drop the Atomic bombs.
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Canada amasses 8500 troops by spring of 1951, ready for battle.
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After King George VI passed, Elizabeth was next in line to become royalty. The royal monarchy relates to the Big Six: Continuity and Change as the newer British monarchy has no power and is just a figure head, whereas previously the monarch had power over all.
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This signalled the start of the Quiet Revolution which had hoped to separate Quebec from the rest of Canada.
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Canadian and US governments signed the Auto Pact which removed tariffs on all automobiles and automobile parts traded between the countries.
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This is relatable to Cause and Effect as Canadians did not have an offical flag of their own and wanted to be recognized as fully independant from the UK. Aswell as that, people throughout Quebec have never been happy with the British Empire and as a result Pierre Trudeau decided to change it to the current Maple Leaf flag.
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Canada turns 100 years old and people party and cheer throughout the country.
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British trade commissioner James Cross is kidnapped and found alive. Later in the month, Pierre Laporte, a cabinet minister's body was found, strangled to death in a trunk of a car. The Big Six: Cause and Effect is relatable to this scenario as the FLQ was a result of tensions rising between both Quebecers and other Canadians.
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This results in over 500 Canadians being arrested.
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Terry Fox's run begins but ends a short 5 months later after his cancer comes back.
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Jeanne Sauvé was also the first female Speaker in the House of Commons and the first female MP from Quebec to be appointed as cabinet minister.
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Later in his life Lincoln also became the first black person in Canadian Parliment. This is related to the Big Six as it has some historical significance as it's an important event for Canadian Parliment as it has never occured before and may be inspirational to others.
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The Charlottetown Accord was created to attempt to make Quebec a distinct Society from the rest of Canada.
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The Oka Crisis was a 78 day long standoff between a group of Mohawk people and the local police force of Oka over a land dispute that resulted in two deaths. This relates directly to the Big Six with Historical Significance because the land has deep, historical ties with the occupying Mohawk Clan.
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After submission, the Meech Lake Accord which had hoped to make Quebec approve of the Canadian Chartier of Rights and Freedoms was rejected.
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Kim Campbell becomes the new conservative leader after Brian Mulroney retires.
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Quebec's referendum for sovereignty failed, 50.58% of the voters voted No.
