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PARC: exclusions of "retarded children" denied access to public education based on Pennsylvania laws.
Pennsylvania laws provided reasonable excuses for the state board to deny disabled children a right to public education.
Agreements were made that resulted in IEP's being formed. Pennsylvania was obligated to place all children with disabilities into a free public educational program.
[http://www.studentslawyer.com/law/learn-about-the-first-right-to-education-case-that-helped-lead-to-the-idea] -
PARC pushed that children with behavioral, mental, hyperactive, and emotional disabilities can also not be denied a free, public education. The state's arguement was that they didn't have the resources nor finances to make that happen.
The court ruled in favor of PARC and said that the state is not able to use resources and finances as an excuse and must make reasonable accomodations for all students. [http://www.kidstogether.org/right-ed_files/mills.htm] -
Amy Rowley's parents asked for the school to provide a qualified sign language interpreter to be present in all of Amy's classes. The Board of Education decided that this was unnecessary and refused to do so.
The court ruled in favor with Rowley stating that persons with disabilities are entitled to have access to an education that is "educationally beneficial" (Forte Law Group).
This supported students in having their individual needs met in school.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCTkuhUNbh4 -
The district argued that a profoundly handicapped child was not eligible for special education because they coud not benefit from it. Timothy W argued against this because he has severe disabilities but wanted to attend school. The court ruled in favor of a "zero reject policy" for students with any disabilities, allowing them to attend free public education.
https://sites.google.com/site/jessalynsimmsfinal/influential-court-cases/timothy-w-vs-rochester-new-hampshire-school-district -
This act protects civil rights without discrimination and provides accessibility to physical facilites. Excluded from the act are religious organizations and private schools (McLeskey, J., Rosenberg, M. S., & Westling, D. L., 2018).
This gives students with disabilities the legal right to attend a physical public school. They can no longer be descriminated against or turned away from attending school. -
This was originally enacted in 1975 but called Education For All Handicapped Children Act. This gives laws and guidance to how states and schools must provide education and support for students with disabilities (McLeskey, J., Rosenberg, M. S., & Westling, D. L., 2018).
This provides for extended legal support for students with disabilities to ensure that their individual needs are met.