-
View of Mental Illness Shifts
People realized that mental illness was heredity and therefore people began to hide them from society. By the late 1800s mental illness began to be seen in different light and gained more respect. -
Wilhelm Wundt: Experimental Psychology Laboratory
He created the first experimental psychology laboratory which later inspired many scientist in their studies/findings. Wundt also brought a form of measurement through data collection. -
William James studies the human in every aspect
He used Wundt's experimental psychology laboratory to study the human as whole in every aspect: cognitively, affectively and behaviorally. -
James Cattell first to use "mental test"
He was the first to use this concept of "mental test". This is where he measured the capabilities of one's knowledge. However, the first intelligence test is known as the "Binet-Simone Scale" or "the 1905 scale", but most popularly as the "Stanford-Binet". -
Jesse Davis introduces counseling to schools
He was ahead of his time. Jesse wanted teachers to create weekly lessons to focus on self in hopes of changing American society's core. In order to start this movement he selected 117 English teachers. -
C.W. Beers writes "A Mind That Found Itself"
He brought a new concern to mental illness after he himself was in a facility and experienced it first-hand. He publish the book "A Mind That Found Itself". -
Frank Parsons sparks ideas for personality psychology's trait theory
Parsons is seen as being the father of the American guidance movement. He wrote the ground work for what later became known as personality psychology's trait theory (see what someone should do as a career based off their skills/interests). -
Mental-Hygiene Movement
This changed society's views of people with mental illness. They were now seen being humans who need treatment with respect rather than "sick" people. This sparked the National Mental Health Association. -
Sigmund Freud studies human behavior
He was a neurologist who conducted a case study based around human behavior. Many people had a hard time with his ideas which resulted in his findings to take years before being published. -
National Vocational Guidance Association was founded
Just a few years after it was founded, a bulletin was made which soon became the most popular journal for the whole professional counseling, it was the "Journal of Counseling and Development". -
Act of 1917
This allowed funding and support for vocational educations in public school, as well as training for counselors at certain universities. -
Group Counseling is established
This method was being used in hospitals, school, and immigrants to help with the transition to the states. -
"Square pegs in square holes"
Due to the Great Depression, this led the counselor profession to be seen as more creditable. -
Newly looking at Children with Mental Illness
This led scientist to study early signs of abnormality. Test and interventions were conducted thus changing a child's surroundings or having psychoanalysis treatment. -
Alfred Addler uses individual psychology with collective counseling
Addler discovered individual psychology through collective counseling. His goal was to council families in hopes of finding problems rooting from there. -
J.L. Moreno uses psychodrama
He used psychodrama in his theatre work which entails very dramatic scenes of individual expression, as well as role playing. -
Edward K. Strong worked on Strong Vocational Interest Blank
He worked on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. In addition Strong set a standard layout for counselors that took effect for many years in the guidance movement. -
Marriage and Family Counseling Center Established
The first one was ever established, it allowed this to be a sector in the counseling profession. It was started by Abraham and Hannah Stone. -
E.G. Williamson focused on testing and training patients
He had the idea of clinical counseling with a focus in occupational decisions (test and train). -
Carl Rogers works on his own client focused/non-directive therapy
He was a clinical psychologist who focused on relationship theories in his studies.Rogers wanted to come up with his own client focused and non directive therapy. -
Alcohol Anonymous Founded
This was seen as an effort to work on self-help. From here this brought awareness of group and social influences/biology on someone's behavior. -
Dictionary of Occupational Titles is published
This was very important and often used for vocational counselors to get information. -
Federal Government's Financial Role
During the Great Depression it became obvious that there was a need for counselors and different programs to help give a variety of services. Some things in demand was social welfare, studying mental illness and ability to have health services. -
School Counselor Certification is established
This was a huge accomplishment, as well as reenforcement for how needed this field was. -
Counseling and Psychotherapy is written
Carl Rogers wrote this and completed his findings in client-centered counseling (accept and listen). He was looking to highlight counseling strategies, understanding the process, and research, etc. -
National Mental Health Act of 1946
This was put in place to fund research and findings regarding mental health. As a result of the men coming home from war with PTSD or ones who were denied to serve due to their psychiatric evaluation, this sparked the urgency to put this in place. -
Theory Development
Included in this were: Rational Emotive-Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Career Development Theories. -
APGA gains new division
ASCA (American School Counselor Association) connected with the The American Personnel and Guidance Association. -
Sputnik sent to space
As a result of people fearing Russians power the federal government looked to counselors and education to help give guidance to people. -
Existentialism, Family Systems & Cognitive Theories used more
Groups that became more commonly used in this time were: marathon groups, basic encounter groups, etc. In addition, human developmental perspectives were becoming more of a focus. -
Community Mental Health Centers Act
This is the first time for counselors where a school was not their only primary place of work. They were now working with alcoholics, families, drug users, etc. A set back was that counselor were undertrained for the heavy demand in the mental sector. -
AMCD is funded
The Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development is funded. -
American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD)
APGA decided to make their name AACD. They did this to recognize the change that was taking place in this field overtime and to reestablish the commitment to counseling. -
ACA changes their name
AACD changed their name to American Counseling Association. -
The 20/20 A Vision for the Future of Counseling Committee
This is composed of 31 counseling organizations, they came to an agreement about counseling and guiding principles. The focus is now on licensure movement. -
Licensure for Professional Counselors in all 50 states
All 50 states now had legislation. This is a huge accomplishment for the counseling profession. -
CACREP Education Needed to work with VA
This ensures that any mental health counselor who wishes to work with veterans must go through CACREP education. While this is a huge step, more obstacles will come as a result. -
Michelle Obama's last public speech
Last public speech as First Lady at the White House honoring high school counselors from across the country. -
A lot has been solved but there are obstacles to come
While counseling has come along way, there are issues to be aware of like: multiculturalism, technology, professional and social advocacy, professional cohesiveness, leadership, and evidence based practices.
