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Dualism, the concept of that the mind and body are separate, had been distributed, but Rene Descartes disagreed with the proposal that there is a link between mind and body.
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Phrenology becomes popular when Marmaduke B. Sampson explains why crime occurs. He believed that it was directly associated to the shape of one's head. While it may seem ridiculous to us and has since been disproven, modern scientists credit phrenology for encouraging the study into the role of the brain in human behavior.
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The first class on psychology was taught at Harvard by William James.
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Structuralist Wilhelm Wundt started his Laboratory of Psychology and developed the method of introspection. His description of this was to look ainward and examine one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives.
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Sir Francis Galton's "Inquiries into Human Faculty and It's Development" raises the issue of whether behavior is determined by heredity or environment.
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Sigmund Freud introduces psychoanalytic psychology.
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John B. Watson introduces the position of behaviorists and B. F. Skinner introduces the concept of reinforcement.
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Humanists, people that attach prime importance to humans rather than divine or supernatural matters, describe human nature as evolving and self-directed.
