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Oregon Dispute
A territorial dispute over the political division of the Pacific Northwest of North America. Several nations competed for the territorial and commercial aspirations over the region. -
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Unit 6-9
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Manifest Destiny
The doctrine belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. The doctrine brought America more land and resources. -
Annexation of Texas
Annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America. Texas was admitted to the Union as an official state (28), and would later contribute to the Mexican-American war. -
Oregon Territory Treaty
This agreement set the boundary between the United States and Canada as a border between the two countries. It also ended the 28 years of joining occupancy of the Pacific Northwest. -
Wilmot Proviso
Prohibited the expansion of slavery into any territory acquired by the US from Mexico, resulting from the Mexican American war settlement. -
Mormon Trek Ends
Future immigrants are able to travel by rail, and the era of the Mormon pioneer trail came to an end. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the war between the U.S. and Mexico, it gave Mexicans the right to remain in United States territory or to go back to Mexico. Mexico gave up Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the boundary of southern America. -
California Gold Rush
News of gold brought in California attracted people to Cali with the belief of becoming wealthy from gold. The rush helped impacted significant of industrial and agricultural development in California -
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention group launched the women’s suffrage movement. This would later ensure women the right to vote. -
Compromise of 1850
Five separate bills passed by the United States Congress that dealt with the issue of slavery and territorial expansion. This defused the confrontation between slave states and free states with the new territory that was acquired in the Mexican-American War. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
It's a novel that is an anti-slavery novel. It effected the attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and created two new territories that allowed popular sovereignty. Later it would produce the Bleeding Kansas. -
Bleeding Kansas
Series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861. It was an ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the Kansas. -
Sumner-Brooks Affair
Brooks beat Sumner with a cane on the floor of the United States Senate in retaliation for an anti-slavery speech. -
Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was an enslaved African American man who was unsuccessful in suing for his freedom. This was because he wasn't a citizen despite living in a free state/territory because he was a enslaved person. -
John Brown's Raid in Harper's Ferry
An initiate a slave revolt in Southern states by taking over a United States arsenal at Harper Ferry, Virginia. It was led by John Brown in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and to destroy the institution of slaver. -
South Carolina Secedes
South Carolina held a secession convention in Columbia, then Charleston. Almost everyone voted to secede from the Union, making it the first state to secede and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy. -
Lincoln Election
Abraham Lincoln was elected as 16th president of the United States. He was a Civil Rights leader and abolished slavery (indirectly). -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal to permanently preserve slavery in the Constitution. It made it unconstitutional for the future of congresses to end slavery. -
Fort Sumter
Confederate government told Union soldiers to leave Fort Sumter, they refused to leave, so confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter. -
Homestead Act
This act provided that any adult citizen or intended citizen, who had never bore arms against the government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Proclamation declared by Abraham Lincoln that "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." This put the southern rebellious states in a sticky spot. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Robert E. Lee planned to get some leverage on the North by forcing Northern politicians to stop prosecuting the war. It was the turning point of the civil War because Lee's plan failed, and was the collision of two great armies. -
Copperheads
Copperheads or Peace Democrats were people who opposed the American Civil War and wanted immediate peace settlement with Confederates. -
Battle of Vicksburg
This battle was decisive great Union victory during the Civil War. It gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union, marking a major turning point of the Civil War. -
Indian Massacre at Sand Creek, Colorado
Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho natives by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars. It was an unprovoked attack on the Cheyenne and Arapaho, which became a turning point for the relationship between the Indian tribes and the Federal Government. -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Military campaign of the Civil War conducted through Georgia. IT was meant to frighten the Georgia's civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. -
Transcontinental Railroad Act
A series of acts that Congress promoted to the construction of a "transcontinental railroad". It made commerce possible on a vast scale, making transporting western food crops and materials to the East Coast Markets from the East to the West. -
Black Codes
Prevented blacks from serving in the military, prohibited interracial marriage between whites and blacks, laws that basically restricted African American from certain actions. -
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
Robert E. Lee surrenders his Confederate troops to the Union General Ulysses S. Grant, at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. It effectively ended the American Civil War. -
Freedmen's Bureau
An agency created by the government that helped protect newly freed African Americans find jobs, homes, education. This occurred during the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War -
Reconstruction Acts
Divided the South into five military districts governed by previous Union generals. It outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states. -
Andrew Johnson Impeached
The impeachment of Andrew Johnson was initiated by the House of Representatives, because of high crimes and misdemeanors, that were detailed in the 11 articles of impeachment. -
Knights of Labor Founded
The first major labor organization held in the US. It organized unskilled and skilled worker to campaigned for an 8 hour workday and aspired for cooperative society which made it so laborers owned the industries that they worked. -
Standard Oil Founded
Founded by John Rockefeller and Henry Flagler, it was an oil producing, transporting, refining, a marketing company, one of the largest oil refiner in the world. -
Tweed Ring Exposed
Tweed Ring was convicted for stealing large amounts of money from NY city taxpayers form political corruption. -
Credit Mobilier Exposed
A scandal in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes. The bribery arose from the fact that Credit mobilier were used to overcharge the prices of constructing the railroad. -
Ku Klux Klan Act
The act empowered the President to suspend writ habeas corpus to combat the KKK and other white supremacy organizations during the reconstruction era. It was the last of the 3 enforcement acts that was passed by Congress to combat attacks on African-Americans. -
Battle of Little BigHorn
Native American forces led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeated the US army troops, who was led by General Armstrong Custer near Southern Montana’s Little Bighorn River. This proved the power of Native Americans power during the 19th century and was the worst U.S. army defeat during the Plain Wars. -
Ruthford B. Hayes Election
Hayes attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and began the efforts that led to the civil service reform. He oversaw the end of Reconstruction and was the first president to be elected with the least popular vote. -
Bland-Allison Act
The act required the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. Though it was vetoed by President Rutherford B. -
Tuskegee Institute (Booker T. Washington)
Tuskegee Institute was founded by Booker T. Washington, under a charter from the Alabama legislature its purpose of training teachers in Alabama. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
An immigration law passed that prevented Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States. -
Social Darwinism
A theory that individuals, groups and people are subject to Darwinian's laws of natural selection. It was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. -
American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)
A labor union formed by Samuel Gompers, that voiced the working class. The union fought against labor forces and debated work conditions for workers. -
Dawes Severalty Act
The act removed Indian land from tribal possession, divided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. The aim of this act was to create responsible farmers in a white man's image. -
Hull House (Jane Addams)
A settlement house founded by Jane Addams; Hull House became a model for settlement houses around the U.S. It was the first settlement houses in the US. and it's initial programs were to provide recreational facilities for slum children, fight child labor laws and helping immigrants become U.S. citizens. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The antitrust law that regulates competition among enterprises. It was passed to address oppressive business practices and oppressive monopolies. -
How the Other Half Lives (Jacob Rils)
It stimulated the first significant New York legislation, it curb poor conditions in tenement housing. It studied the Tenements of NY in an early publication of photojournalism. -
Battle of Wounded Knee
A massacre of several hundred Lakota natives, most were women and children caused by the U.S. army. It marked the end of the Indian resistance to the encroachments of white settlers. -
Homestead Steel Strike
Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike. Homestead Steel workers in Pennsylvania retaliation against wage cuts. -
Populist Party Organized
Promoted collective economic action by farmers, also promoted the Greenback Party. It was an important force in the Southern and Western U.S. but collapsed. -
Pullman Strike
A nationwide nonviolent strike brought a shutdown of western railroads. The strike demonstrated the power of the labor movement, but it also injunction to break a strike but also opened the door to greater court involvement in limiting the effectiveness of strikers. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
The U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities, it upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under "separate but equal" doctrine. -
Yellow Journalism
Journalism that exploits distorts, or exaggerated the news to create sensations and attract readers. This style of newspaper that reported emphasized the sensationalism over facts. -
Spanish American War
An armed conflict between Spain and the United States. The war ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the U.S. the position as a pacific power. -
Teller Amendment
The amendment was a declaration which declared when the United States had overthrown Spanish rule of Cuba, it would give Cubans freedom. -
Open Door Policy in China
European powers that stated each country should have equal access to Chinese trade. It was significant because its attempt by the U.S. to establish an international protocol of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and supports China's territorial and administrative integrity. -
Big Stick Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, where the big stick symbolized his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It was a way to intimidate countries without harming them. -
Theodore Roosevelt becomes president (starts Progressive Era)
Roosevelt served as the 26th president and increasing progressiveness during his terms. He was the leader of the Progressive movement and he championed his Square Deal domestic policies. -
Platt Amendment
An amendment that involves the US and Spain, it states that the US would end military occupation of Cuba.It has seven conditions for the withdrawal of U.S. troops that remained in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War. -
Ford Motor Company Founded
Multinational automaker, the company was founded by Henry Ford and his investors. It would later become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, and survived the Great Depression. -
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Western Hemisphere nations were not open to colonization by European powers, but the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries. -
Niagara Movement (W.E.B. Du Bois)
African civil rights organization founded by W.E.B. Du Bois it was a group of civil rights activists. The movement forcefully demanded equal economic and educational opportunity as well as voting rights for African-Americans; sent a powerful message to the entire country. -
Pure food and Drug Act
Protect public against adulteration of foods and products identified as healthful without specific support. It was the first significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress that led to the creation of the food and drug administration. -
Meat Inspection Act
The act set strict standards of cleanliness in the meat packaging industry. It made it illegal to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and made it so meats where slaughtered and processed under strict regulated sanitary conditions. -
NAACP formed
Civil rights organization, formed as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans. It was created to work to abolitionist segregation and discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation. It ensured African Americans their constitutional rights. -
Dollar Diplomacy
A form of American foreign policy that minimizes the use or threat of military force. It ensured the financial stability of a region while protecting and extending the U.S. commercial and financial interests. -
Bull Moose Party Formed
Progressive Party was a third party, formed by Theodore Roosevelt. It was nicked named as such because Roosevelt boasted that he felt "strong as a bull moose" after losing to the Republican nomination at the Chicago convention. -
Clayton Antitrust Act
An act that defines unethical business practices, and upholds various rights of labor. It was a piece of legislation that was passed and created to prevent unfair methods of competition. -
U.S. Neutrality Proclaimed
Proclaims neutrality in World War I, the vast majority of Americans favored. It kept the U.S. out of the war that it wasn't prepared for and it sparked debates over neutrality, foreign policy and constitutional authority. -
Birth of a Nation by D.W. Griffith
Firm belief that the US emerged from the American Civil War and Reconstruction as a unified nation. It was a landmark silent film that was released, it was the longest and most-profitable film. -
Keating-Owen Act
Address child labor by prohibiting the sale of goods produced by factories that employed children under fourteen. It also banned any facility that had children under the age of 16 that worked at night or for more than 8hrs during the day -
Sussex Pledge
A pledged to not attack American merchant ship without warning. It was a promise made before the U.S. entered the WWI. -
Bolshevik Revolution
The revolution involved the collapse of the empire in Russia and the rise of Marxian socialism. It sparked the beginning of a new era in Russia and had effects on countries around the war. -
U.S. Declares war on Germany
Declaration of war against the German Empire due to Germany's resumption of submarines attacks on passenger and merchant ships, which was the lead motivation behind Wilson's decision to make the U.S. enter the war. -
Wilson's Fourteen Points
Statement of principles for peace that was used for peace negotiations in order to end WWI, created by President Wilson. It offer "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike." -
Worldwide Influenza Epidemic
The pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history, that lasted for two years. It killed more people than WWI -
League of Nations debated in U.S.
The debate was an idealism versus pragmatism, responsibilities of powerful nations, use of force to accomplish goals, the idea of America.