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Development of Morse Code & Telegraph.
-The telegraph allowed people to communicate across great distances.
-The new technologies telegraphs led to was fax machines, cellphones, phones.
-The general route that these lines followed was next to the railroads because they would have to easy access to work on them. -
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Boss Tweed
-By mid 1860 he had risen to the top position in the organization and formed the tweed ring which openly bought votes, encouraged Judicial Corruption extracted millions from city contracts and dominated New York City politics.
-Tweed had to flee to U.S to Spain after he broke out of jail for his corruption in politics but was found because of Nast Cartoons. Ended 1878, he died in prison. -
Homestead Act.
-The homestead act was signed in May 1862. It opened up settlement in the western United States, allowing any American, including freed slaves to put in claim for up to 160 acres free federal land.Native Americans lifestyle was gravely affected because the government took their land and before they knew it, their land was populated by homesteaders.
-They had rush climate like, little rain, tough soil, extreme temperature and personal isolation, drilling equipment to dig water wells & wing mills. -
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Rise of Labor Unions
Purpose
*Safer working conditions
*Shorter work days
*Weekend time off
*End child labor Actions used
*Strike
*Violation Property
*American Federation of Labor
*Riots -
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
-Lassie Faire, government was hands off on the businesses.
-Government should not interfere in the operations of the free market
-Federal Law aimed at stopping monopolies from engaging in unfair practices
-Standard Oil was the 1st monopoly the government attempted to stop. -
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Mark's Twain's Book Titled: Gilded Age
Meaning of Gilded Age: The period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath.
-This time period characterized by economic growth, widespread poverty, westward expansion, and political corruption. -
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Imm. Port
Ellis Island in New York Harbor.
-New Immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe, especially Poland, Italy, Australia Hungary, Greece and Russia.
-In 1917, congress requiring Imm. over 16 to pass a literacy test, and in the early 1920.
-Those with tuberculosis or other diseases were sent back to there hometown -
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New Immigration
Immigrants came due to:
"Push" Factors & "Pull" Factors
*Oppression *Freedom
*Poverty *Economic Opportunity
*War *Cultural Ties
*Religious/Ethnic Persecution
-The New Immigrants either stayed in New York or took trains to join their relatives in other parts of the country.
-They moved from crowded, tenement (Apartments) buildings and worked at unskilled jobs for long hours at low pay. -
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Chinese Exclusionary Act
-It was a U.S. federal law that prejudice against Asians and unemployment.
-Explicitly suspended immigration for a specific nationality (Chinese)
-The law prevented Chinese laborers who had left the U.S. from returning -
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Cattle Drive Era.
-Most cattle trails started in Texas and moved as far as Nebraska
-Demand for cattle was high because, during the Civil War the Union cut off confederate trade routes
-Railroads and barbed were began to end the cattle drone era by closing off the open ranges and making the transportation easier
-2 severe winters and very hot summers killed millions of cattle in 1886-1887 ending the long drive -
Hay-market
-On May 4,1886 a labor rally near
-Chicago's Hay-market Square Demanding an 8 hr work day & turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police trying to break up the demonstration
-At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day
-The judge imposed the death sentence on seven of the men and the eighth was sentenced to 15 years in prison -
Americanization Day
-The purpose is to dress & act like American citizens
-The process was carried out by putting them in American classes
-Americanization day turned into Independence day -
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Bessemer steel process
-The mass production of steel from molten pig iron.
-Captain of the industry Andrew Carnegie steel corp. in 1892
-Fuel the Great Economic expansion of the late nineteenth century, with the wood and iron is replaced. -
Pullman Strike
-The Pullman strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States on May 11,1894 and a turning point for us labor law.
-Many of the pull-man factory workers joined the American railway union (ARU) led by Eugene v.Debs, which is supported their strike by launching a boycott in which ARU member refused to run trains contain pull-man cars. President Cleveland sent military troops to handle the situation. -
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Muckrakers Journalism
Muckrakers- One who inquires into and publishes into and publishes Scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders.
Muckrakers-Exposed people with unsafe working conditions, political corruption and social injustice Muckrakers lessened corruption in many aspects of American Life. -
Pure food & Drug Act
-Reporters started to expose harmful ingredients in certain foods, and medicines, such as coca-cola originally having cocaine in it
-The government then began enforcing the production & distribution of consumer products by founding the food 1 Drug Admin (FDA)
-Products were later required label be harmful ingredients and would later on remove them.