-
•end of the 18th century
•open fields were enclosed and agriculture was intensified, animals were bred selectively, soil were drained to make them more fertile
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
•steam engine (1712,Thomas Newcomen) made pumping water out of coal mines possible
•steam engine (1769,James Watt) more powerful and wasted less fuel
•loom (1787,Edmund Cartwright) linked cloth manufacture to water and steam power, -
•60 year of reign
•tries to reduce the public debt introducing
new duties on corn, paper and tea ---> fierce opposition in the American colonies
•taxation on tea maintained -
Many colonists had become resentful of British
rule, which imposed a strict control on trade.
They began to think that they should only
pay taxes approved by their local governing
assemblies. -
•some rebels dressed as Native Americans, threw the British tea coming India, into the harbour.
•reason: maintained that the taxes were unjust, as the
colonies had no political power: they sai, 'No
taxation without representation: -
• The Americans divided into Patriots, who wanted independence, and Loyalists, who wanted to remain part of Britain •The Americans set up an army under
the command of George Washington (1732-99)
to face the stronger and better trained British
army. -
The Congress, made by the representatives from
13 of the colonies, signed the Declaration of
Independence, written by Thomas
Jefferson, a lawyer from Virginia. -
•the British army was defeated. -
•England recognise the independence of its colonies
-
•after the loss of America George III asked William Pitt the Younger to become prime minister
•18 years of office
•he tries to reduce national debt and promote new trades -
•The new republic of the United States of America
adopted a federal constitution -
•first american president -
•Ireland
•group of Catholics founded the Society of United Irishmen, they wanted to form they own republic. -
•organized uprising, which failed
• Pitt allow to sit at Westminster, to prevent other rebellions -
•joined Ireland and Britain to form the new
United Kingdom.
•The Irish flag was added to create the Union Jack that is still used today. -
•George III became incapable of reigning
•he suffered of what doctors has defined as "royal madness" -
•George III died
•George IV succeeded his father and became king, in 1811 he was made Prince Regent (Regency) -
•association of workers were legalized -
•George IV died
•he is succeeded by his brother William IV
•his reign last 7 years (1837) -
•It extended the vote to almost all male members of
the middle classes -
•parliament abolished slavery in the West Indies
•Factory Act limited factory employment of children under 9. -
•William IV died in 1837 and his 18-year-old Victoria, succeeded him to the British