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White Primaries (Part Two)
On Independance Day, 1944, a man named Primus E. King walked up to vote in a White Primary in Columbus. Sadly he was escorted outside by an officer immediately. He then went to his prearranged lawyer who then made a lawsuit against the Georgia Democratic Party. This led to the case against the White Primary. This went on for the next two years, until finally the United States Court Of Appeals picked up onto this case. The case was then turned to the favor of Primus E. King, who was awarded $100. -
The White Primary
The White Primary is a primary election in which no colored people could vote. This meant that almost if not all the elected officials were white. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2921 http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2921 -
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Georgia In The Civil Rights Movement
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Integration Of The Armed Forces
President Truman signs the Executive Bill #9981 which called for the making of the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment. He signed this Bill because he wanted everyone to have equal rights in the military. This was the next big step towards full integration. This committee then organized a plan that would desegregate 95% of the military by October 1953. http://tw0.us/Rb
http://tw0.us/Rb -
Brown Vs The Board Of Education
It was 1950, Linda Brown, a seven year old black student tried to enroll in an all white school in Topeka Kansas. When she was not allowed to attend, the NAACP helped her father sue the Topeka Board Of Education. The case was called Brown Vs The Board Of Education.In 1954 the Supreme Court said seperate-but-equal schools were unconstitutional. It ordered all schools to become integrated immediately. After 60 years the Plessy Vs. Ferguson case was overturned.
http://tw0.us/VO
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Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott
It all started when Rosa Parks sat down in a seat for blacks on a bus. A white man demanded to be able to sit in her seat but she would not allow it, and a police officer came to arrest her. This started a huge uproar which would last for 381 days. This involved Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, jr., the black people of Montgomery and sympathizers of other races. The outcome of the boycott was that it desgregated many bus stops, buses, and public places. Info: http://tinyurl.com/6wfnstb -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
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1956 Changes to the State Flag
Info: Notes Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_State_of_ Georgia_(1956-2001).svg -
1956 Changes to the State Flag
In 1956 there was a push to add the old confederate flag into the a new one they were going to make. It started when three people, John Sammons Bell (an Atlanta attorney), Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden (a state senator) introduced a bill to start the makings of a new flag. They said it was to celebrate the centinnial of the civil war or the confederacy. It was completely controversial to begin with yet still stood around for 48 more years before being changed to a new flag people liked. -
"Little Rock Nine"
Sadly only one student of the Little Rock Nine, Ernest Green, would go on to graduate Central High.
Info: http://tinyurl.com/7gotv4j
Picture: http://tinyurl.com/7gotv4j -
"Little Rock Nine"
It all started when Arkansas adopted the 'Blossom Plan'. It was supposed to be a simple plan that would help to desegregate Little Rock, AR. When the Little Rock Nine entered Central High it started a flame withing the nation's heart. A man named Orvul Faubus called upon the Arkansas National Guard to keep the nine black students from entering the school. To counter this, Eisenhower called in a regiment of 101st Airborn Soldiers to escourt them in and out of central high school. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation In Atlanta was Bombed
The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta was bombed because the rabbi pushed for aid in integration and people just plain wanted things to stay the same as they were before. As a result people wanted to keep schools open to put an end to lunch counter segregation.
Info: http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/ga/atlanta.html
Info: Textbook
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The Sibley Comission
An Atlanta attourney and banker, John Sibley helped to to find out how Atlanta's citizens felt about integration. Sadly most of the interviewed said that they would rather have the schools closed than integrated. He then formed the Sibley Commission based on the fact that the schools should be able to decide for themselves. Info: Notes & The Textbook
Images: http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/ga/atlanta.html -
Integration of The University of Georgia
The main two people in this case were Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes. The University of Georgia alumni and the University of Georgia politicians begged the governer to close UGA instead of integrading it but he didnt give in. Final outcome? UGA was desegregated. Info: textbook
Images: http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/archives/integration/integration1.html -
Freedom Riders
In December 1961 Freedom Riders arrived from surrounding areas and poured into Albany like a river. They came mainly to protest the remaining segregated bus/train stops. The was a point that there were about 500 people in jail or out on bond. End Point? They made up a Biracial committee that would study Albany's african american community. Info: Textbook
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The Albany Movement
In 1955 there was a Supreme Court Ruling that made it illegal to make interstate bus and train stations segregated. By November 1st, 1961, the NAACP and the SNCC had made a plan to test how exactly or to what extent this was "illegal". The protesters were quickly arrested after sitting in the whites only waiting room. Info: Book, Notes
Images: http://thealbanyjournal.com/2011/03/vintage-albany-31/ -
Birmingham AL. Protests
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, went to Birmingham AL to try to get rid of discrimination in the city. Fire hoses and attack dogs were used to control demonstrators. Dr. King and over 3000 others were arrested. Info: The Textbook
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March On Washington D.C.
There were over 200,000 protesters led by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the March On Washington, D.C. They were protesting for jobs and freedom. The benefits? There was the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act in 1964. This is also where M.L.K. made his famous "I Have A Dream" speech Info: http://tinyurl.com/7gotv4j
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16th Street Baptist Church In Burmingham Bombed
On September 15, at Birmingham's 16th Street Baptist Church on a Sunday morning, four children were killed after a bomb exploded and fourteen others were injured. The bombing took place because of the integration of churches. Georgia's reverend Austin Ford was one of many african american people who joined forces with whites to help stop riots from breaking out over integration. -
John F. Kennedy Assassinated
While in a Presidential Motorcade, driving through Dallas Texas, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated. The day was November 22, 1963, the killer was Lee Harvey Oswald. He used a sniper rifle from a building. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._ Kennedy
Images: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_ F._Kennedy -
1964 Civil Rights Act Passed
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the law that made segregation illegal at all public places. Business and labor unions could no longer be kept desegregated. Even though it was Kennedy's bill President Johnson signed it. -
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into effect the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Selma-To-Montgomery March led congress to the passing of this act. This bill gave African Americans everywhere the right to vote. Info: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act
Images:
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9b.html
