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Jan 1, 1350
Renaissance
This event is significant because it was a time of rebirth. Not of anything living, of course, but of culture. IT brought humanism rationalism, secularism, and a revival of Greek and Roman classics. -
Jan 1, 1358
Black Death
This event is significant because -
Jan 1, 1405
Book of the City of Ladies by Christine De Pizan
This event event is significant because it shows pizan, women who became the first to earn a living as an author . She was called Europe's feminist. -
Jan 1, 1415
Council of Constance burns Hus and ends Great Schism
This event is significant vecayse tge coucil examined the teaching of of Jan Hus and John Wycliffe. They adopted seven reform decrees here and also had concordats on some points. The council failed to get strong reforms. -
Jan 1, 1422
Charles VII begins reign
This event is significant because in France, Charles VII ended the Hundred Years' War.He also streghtened the royal finances. HE did this by implementing taxes on land and salt. -
Jan 1, 1450
Exploration
This event is significant because the ecploration led to many colonies in America. It also increased amount of slaves. -
Jan 1, 1453
Fall of Constantinople; end of Hundred Years' War
This event is significant because it showed the entrance of the Ottoman Empire. The end of the Hundred Years' War was also important because it centralized France, brought a sense of nationalism to France and England, and it brought new weapons. -
Jan 1, 1455
Invention of Printing Press
This event is significant because it helped to increase literacy and increased productivity. The printing press was a key component to spread religions. -
Jan 1, 1469
Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
This event is significant because Ferdinand and Isabella created a unnion through marriage. They established the the Inquisitionand expelled Jews from Spain. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbus encounters America; completion of reconquista in Spain
The significance of the discovery of the Americas is that it led to the Columbian Exchange. This brought new food, diseases, and animals to both Europe and the Americas. The significance of the reconquista in Spain is that it removed all the Muslims from Spain and forced people to convert to Christianity. -
Jan 1, 1500
Catholic and Protestant Reformation
This reformation is significant because the Protestant Reformation led to the creation of many religions such as Lutheranism and Calvinism. The significance of the Catholic Reformation is that is led to some reforms in the church. -
Jan 1, 1500
Early Modern Society
This event is significant becausethe world had a shift from being centered on religion to focusing on other things. Society became more secularists with the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. -
Jan 1, 1500
Price Revolution
The significance of this is that it led to a steady inflation in prices. The influx of gold and silver that came from the Americas and demand for this created a great raise in prices that lasted in Europe. -
Jan 1, 1513
The Prince by Machiavelli
This book is significant because it was helpful in advising Italian rulers on the statecraft needed to unite the war-torn and divided Italy. It was a guide for future rulers. -
Jan 1, 1516
Utopia by Thomas More
This book is significant because of how it described tan imaginary society located somewhere off the the mainland (of the New World), It began to show a desired society. -
Jan 1, 1519
Cortez conqueres Aztecs
THis event is significant because it was the cause of the downfall of indigenous tri bes of the Americas. This led to loss of culture and enslavement of Native Americans. -
Jan 1, 1520
Religious Wars
This was significant because wars were being caused over different beliefs in Europe.It led to the toleration of Calvinism -
Jan 1, 1525
The German Peasants' War
This war is significant because it began to strengthen the authority of of the GErman nobility and establish Lutheranism. -
Jan 1, 1534
Act of Supremacy in England creates Anglican Church
The significance of this is that it put the English king as the "Protector and Only Supreme Head of teh Church and Clergy of England." This led to a confusion of religion in England. IT also led to conflict over religion. Finally, it made conflict between the pope and the head of England. -
Jan 1, 1536
Calvin establishes reformed faith in Geneva
This event is significant becasuse Chritianity became an important religion in Europe. GEneva was transformed into a christian community. -
Jan 1, 1543
Scientific Revolution
This event is significant because it revolutionixed learning. More literature was available and there was an increase in rationalism and skepticism. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory
This event is significant because the heliocentric theory was a new concept. It changed how people thought. This, of course, made the church angry because they believed it was against the bible. -
Jan 1, 1545
Council of Trent opens
This event is significant because it reformed the catholic church. It also preserved papacy and forbade clerical language. -
Jan 1, 1550
Dutch Commercial Dominance
This event is significant because it helped Amsterdam as the financial center of Europe. The Duthc established a fleet of 10,000 ships. -
Jan 1, 1550
Age of Crisis
This event is significant because it was a troubling time in Europe with poor climate, bad harvests, and food shortages. It led to revolts and riots. -
Jan 1, 1555
Peace of Augsburg ends religious war in Germany; Charles V abdicates
This event was significant because Charles V was also important because he gave away parts of the Holy Roman Empire.Also, the Peace of Augsburg allowed German princes to choose their own religion. -
Jan 1, 1558
Elizabeth I begins reign
This event is significant because Elizabeth I made changes in England. She found middle ground in religion that both the moderate Catholics and Protestants would accept. She also led England into a Golden Age. -
Jan 1, 1572
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
This event is significant because thousands of people died in Paris by the CAtholics. It created a civil war between CAtholics and Huguenots. -
Defeat of Spanish Armada
The significance of this is that it boosted the English morale under Elizabeth I and lowered the one of the Spanish. It established England as a major naval power in the seas of Europe. -
Edict of Nantes ends French religious wars
This is significant because is granted French Protestants religious tolerance. It also was the first formal recognition by an European monarchy that two religions could coexist. -
Commerical Revolution
Mercantilism also developed during this time and there was a rise in capitalism and the bourgeoisie.TThis e vent is significant because it led to new entrepreneurs, industries, domestic systems, and joint-stock companies. -
Conflict Between Parliament and King of England
THis event is siignificant becuase of the fighting happening in England. It led to the Petition of RIght and other religious policies. -
Stuart monarchy begins in England
THey were against the parliament and believed authority came from God. This led to the English Civil War and the GLorious revolution in England -
Petition of Right
hThis event is significanta because it said taxes could only be paid by the consent of the Parliament. Overall, this gave more power towards Parliament. -
John Locke is born
JOhn Locke was significant because he published many influential books with his ideas. He believed that all people were born with the rights of life, liberty, and property. This was the basic belief for revolutions -
Frederick William begins his reign
This event is significant because he began to forge the Hohenzollern territories into a strong power. He recieved full power of their serfs. -
Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War
This event is significant because it recognized Calvinism and also the sovereign independent authority of the German states. It gave Sweden more land, showing it was a major power. -
Charles I executed in England
This event is significant because his execution led to the rise of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate under Olvier Cromwell -
Rise of Prussia
Prussia became a strong power with with a well-equipped army under Frederick William I. They gained an army of over 80,000 people. -
Absolutism
This was significant because rulers said they had absolute authority from God. This led to many famous ruler (Elizabeth I, Louis XIV, and CAtherine the Great) -
Royal Society in England founded
This is significant because research and spread scientific knowledge. They also helped create an international scientific community by having this society established. -
Newton published "Principia Mathematics"
This book is significant because because it explpained the law of gravity. It had mathematical formulas describing celestial motion and advanced knowledge in math and science -
Glorious Revolution
This Revolution is significant because England rejected the divine right of kings. It placed limits on the power of the English monarchy and England was now a constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy. -
Glorious Revolution; Peter the Great's reign begins in Russia
The Glorious Revolution was significant because it led to the Bill of Rights. This placed lmits on the power of English monarchy. PEter the GReat modernized Russia and introduced the potato. -
Bank of England founded
This event is significant because the bank became a financial center for Europe. IT affected financial and economic activity. -
Rise of the Middle Class
This event is significant because there was now a middle class with bankers, merchants, artisans, etc. It brought different classes of people. -
Enlightenment
The enlightenment is significant because it brought new ideas. It also emphasized reason and led to famous philosophes like Voltaire. -
Agricultural Revolution
This revolution is significant because it helped production of food with new inventions. NEw things included open-field system, enclosed fields, etc. -
Peace of Utrecht; death of Louis XIV
The Peace is significant because Louis XIV's efforts to dominate Europe were ended. He was a great absolutist ruler and passed his expertise on to his descendents. -
Pragmatic Sanction
This event is significant because MAria Theresa's throne was guaranteed and so was the indivisibilty of the Hasburg Islands. -
Rococo Art
This art is significant because it showed the mindset of the day. IT showed lighthearted scenes of nobles and used light colored pastels. -
War of Austrian succession begins
THis war is significant because it led to many other battles. Fighting effected the New World as well. French and Prussians fought against English and Austrians. -
Industrial Revolution
The revolution is significant because of the many new inventions. They were created to make the textile factory more productive. -
Neoclassical Art
This form of art is significant because of how it showed people as classical heroes. There were many famous arts like Thomas Jefferson and Jacques-Louis David -
Wollstonecraft begins feminist movement with "Vindication of RIghts of Women"
This event is significant because the feminist movement goes on to reconstruct gender hierarchies. Women begin to demand better rights and work more. -
Napoleon comes to power in France
This event is significant because when he came to power, he transformed France into a modern state (he did this by taking out democracy). He also defeated the Second Coalition and caused a loss of liberty in France. -
Abdication of Napoleon; Congress of Vienna
This event was significant because France didnt have a dictator any more. Also, the Conress enacted a settlement that was agreed upon by both the victors and France. This created a balance of power in Europe. -
Revolution in France; Belgian and Greek independence
(1830-1831)
This event is significant because Louis Philippe became a "citizen king" and supported France's business interests. Also, Belgium became a nuetral state and Greece became an independent state. -
Revolutions of 1848; Marx and Engels publish "Communist Manifesto"
This event is significant because the revolutions of 1848 led to new political realism. The "Communist Manifesto" affected how people thought. In the book he argued women were exploited by men (amen) and also wrote about thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. -
Crystal Palace Exhibition in Britain
This ehibition is significant because it provided an area for the enlightened people. Symbolixing the industtrial, military, and economic superiority of Great Britain. -
Britain establishes direct rule of India
This event is significant because now India has become subject to Brit rule. Of course, they took most of India's resources but they did contribute infrastructure and postal services to India which I suppose is nice. -
Darwin publishes "Origin of the Species"
This book is significant because it basically challenged the minds of the basic peasants by introducing a theory of evolution (which of course was mind blowing). Survival of the fittest was introduced and whatnot. -
Italy unified; Russian serfs emancipated
This event is significant because of the unification of the urban, industrialized Northern Italy and the rural, poor Southern Italy (north-south divide, throwback to AP Human Geography). During the emancipation of serfs, the serfs were free but they really couldn't own land which caused a restriction for the lower class. -
Unification of Germany; Paris commune and Third Rebulic in France
This event is significant because the unification of Germany created a European balance of power. Germany industrialized and became a rival of Europe. Also, the Third Republic of France was a time of great confusion, because of this it did not last long. -
Berlin Conference over imperialism in Africa
This event is significant because of the division of Africa among European nations. It also put up rules for colonization of Africa. Congo became under the control of Leopold II of Belgium. -
Freud publishes "Interpretation of Dreams"
This book was significant because Freud analyzed dreams through experiments, using his own research in his research. -
Einstein publishes relativity theory; Revolution of 1905 in Russia
This event is significant because, well Einstein is always significant. His theory challenged the traditional (basic af) conceptions of time, space, and motion. The revolution in Russia led to a masscre which provoked strikes and demands for change. -
World War I begins
This event is significant because it threw most of Europe into war. World War I was pretty important because the countries were trying to become more peaceful. -
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
This revolution is significant because it ended in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia lost a quarter of its European territory and a third of its population. -
Treaty of Versailles ends World War I
This event is significant because the treaty forced Germany to sign a war-guilt clause and pay for war damages. It created the League of Nations and left bitter feelings between Germany and the winners. -
Fascists and Mussolini come to power in Italy
THis event was significant because all political parties were banned except for Fascists.Mussolini controled the corporations in Italy. He effected the people of Italy by making them believe that he was right. -
Great Depression Begins
This event is significant because it transformed the spirit of the 1920's. It created a sense of doubt and fear in place of the former optimistic spirit. It created alot of insecurity for uneployed workers. -
Hitler comes to power in Germany
This event is significant because well Hitler is kind of you know Hitler with his whole Nazi business. He managed to somehow (even with his horrid mustache) convince Germans to follow his leadership. Well, I suppose he was a smart man, he used the people's fears to his advantage he basically controlled what everyone could do. -
Munich Conference-height of appeasement
This event is significant because it gave SUdtenland to HItler and discredited the British policy of appeasement -
World War II begins
This event is significant because many battles were fought and more importantly the Holocaust began which was basically the mass murder of Jews. This was pretty important because it led to the United Nations. -
World War II ends; United NAtions formed
This evet is significant because led to the United Nation Nazi. THe Naxi regime also ended and the Berlin wall was set up. THe UN set up a political union between countries. -
NATO formed
This event was significant because in order to set up a defense preparation, ten European nations joined with US and Canada. This showed America's break from isolation. -
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) formed
This event is significant because it called for tariff-free trade in coal & steel. This was amongst France, WEst GErmany, Belgium, Italy, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands -
Stalin dies
This event is significant because with his death, stalin also took with him the reign of terror in the Soviet Union. Nikita Khrushchev became the new leader. -
Krushchev's de-Stalinization speech; Hungary revolt
This speech is siglnificant becauseit granted more freedpm tp writers and intellectuals. This was due to the shift toward producing consumer goods and curbing the power of the secret police. The Hungary revolt was when the soviets came in and crushed this revolt. -
TReaty of Rome creates European Economic Community (ECC); Sputnik launched
This event is significant because the EEC eliminated trade barriers amongst its members, emerging as a driving force behind economic integration in W Europe. The Sputnik launch symbolized Soviet tech. -
Fifth Republic in France under DeGaulle
This event is significant because DeGaulle's new policies gave Alegria full independence as well as withdrawing French military forces from NATO, developed nuclear weapons to France , and opposed democratic people. -
Berlin Wall erected
The BErlin Wall is significant because it stopped flow of refugees and became a symbol of communist oppression. The wall also divded the communist and democratic people. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
This event is significant because it basically undermined Khrushchev's credibility. HE was the leadeer of the soviet union and this event played a key role in hiso ouster from power. -
Second VAtican Council begins
This event is significant because the council had acknowledged the seperation of church and state as well as renouncing wars, ordering wid reforms, and affecting how CAtholics viewed the world -
Student revolts; Czech "Prague Spring" Revolt
This event iss significant because there were many protests around Europe, most of the protests usually ending with police arrests. The Czech revolts were caused by Czechoslovakia returning to communist control. -
Helsinki Accords - height of detente
This event is significant because the Accords marked a high point of the COld War detente. IT ratified European territorial boundaries. -
John Paul II elected pope
John Paul is significant because he was the most traveled pope, appoint most cardinals, and wrote the most books. He was a pretty influential figure in his time. -
Soviet Union aginvades Afghanistan; Thatcher elected prime minister in England
This event is significant because the invasion put a lot of pressure on the economy of the Soviet Union which caused alot of social discontent as well. Thatcher alllowed the right to buy a council house, put reformson London to establish a financial center and lowered the industry in Britain. -
Solidarity founded in Poland
This event is significant because voters elected their own Solidarity candidates ober the communist party. This the first instance shown where people in a state could peacefully exit a communist regime. -
Gorbachev comes to power in Soviet Union
This event is significant because of the many reforms that GOrbachev put up. He created a program for economic reconstructing and democratixation. He also encouraged Soviet citixens to discuss ways to reform their society. -
Berlin Wall falls and collapse of communism
THis event is significant because as a result of the Berlin wall's fall, Germany unified. This marked the end of the Cold War -
BReak-up of Soviet Union; Balkan conflicts begin in former Yugoslavia
This event is significant beacause the break allowed different ethnic groups to revolt and demand their freeedom.They had lost fear of the Communist party. The Balkan conflicts led to a devolution of the Balkan peninsula. -
MAastricht Treaty creates European Union (EU)
This event is significant because it made theworld's largest economic market as well as creating a central bank for the EU -
Euro currency introduced
This event is significant because it made the transfer from one country to another easier by using the sae currency. It also showed th eunification of Europe. -
Terrorist attacks on United States
This event was significant because the attacks cause alot of anger directed at people of the Middle East. It also led to tight restricion and rulees in airports.
