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johann H. Schulze
Johann H. Schulze, a German physicist, discovers that silver salts turn dark when exposed to light. -
CArl Scheele
Carl Scheele, a Swedish chemist, shows that the changes in the color of the silver salts could be made permanent through the use of chemicals -
French Inventor
A French inventor, Nicephore Niepce, produces a permanent image by coating a metal plate with a light-sensitive chemical and exposing the plate to light for about eight hours. -
Loudsi DAguerre
Louis Daguerre, a French inventor, develops the first practical method of photography by placing a sheet of silver-coated copper treated with crystals of iodine inside a camera and exposing it to an image for 5 to 40 minutes. Vapors from heated mercury developed the image and sodium thiosulfate made the image permanent. -
Josef m. Petzval
Josef M. Petzval, a Hungarian mathematician, develops lenses for portrait and landscape photographs, which produce sharper images and admit more light, thus reducing exposure time -
Fredrich S. Archer
The British photographer Frederick S. Archer develops a photographic process using a glass plate coated with a mixture of silver salts and an emulsion made of collodion. Because the collodion had to remain moist during exposure and developing, photographers had to process the pictures immediately. -
Richard L. MAddox
Richard L. Maddox, a British physician, invents the "dry-plate" process, using an emulsion of gelatin, so that photographers did not have to process the pictures immediately. By the late 1870s, exposure time had been reduced to 1/25th of a second. Gelatin emulsion made it possible to produce prints that were larger than the original negatives, allowing manufacturers to reduce the size of cameras -
Eadweard Muybridge
British photographer Eadweard Muybridge takes the first successful photographs of motion, showing how people and animals move. -
George Eastman
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Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison and W.K. Dickson develop the Kinetoscope, a peep-show device in which film is moved past a light.