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Feldshers
During the 1870s, many provincial zemstvos established feldsher schools in order to raise feldshers' overall qualifications. Opening feldsher practice to women in 1871 brought growing numbers of urban women with gymnasium training into these schools. -
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Felshers
The Russian Feldsher Movement -
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Feldshers
The publication in 1891 of the newspaper Feldsher sparked the appearance of a feldsher professional movement. -
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Feldshers
During the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, most feldshers identified with moderate socialist parties. -
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Feldshers
An All-Russia Union of Fldshers was founded in 1905. They were regarded as "Middle Medical Workers." -
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Feldshers
In 1906, local feldsher societies formed a National Union of Societies of Physicians' Assistants, which published the newspaper Feldshersky Vestnik (Feldsher Herald) and lobbied on feldshers' behalf. -
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Feldshers
As of 1914, there were more than 20,000 civilian feldshers in Russia. Most served in rural areas, but one-third worked for urban hospitals, railroads, schools, and factories. -
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Feldshers
"Feldsherism" remained a contentious issue as well as a widespread practice well into the 1920s. -
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Feldshers
The Soviet regime ceased training feldshers altogether in 1924, focusing instead on midwives and nurses. Feldsher training was resumed in 1937, and feldshers continue to serve as auxiliary medical personnel in Russia. -
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Feldshers
Outstanding feldsher students were encouraged to take medical school entrance examinations. Roemer found in 1976 that 25% of Soviet physicians were former feldshers.