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In 1829, the Metropolitan Police Act was passed in London, together with the influence of Sir Robert Peel influenced policing in the U.S. Sir Robert Peel is the model of how we police today.
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Influence of politics in the police.
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During the 1930s, we saw the start of the conflicts between the police and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).
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During this time we had the publication of the O.W. Wilson's Police Administration.
In 1959 was crated the Peace Officer Standards and Training Commission (POST), the goal was to create a standard for the selection and training of police officers. -
During the 1960s, a lot of racial, social, and economic tension erupted. The case involving the Highway Patrol motorcycle officer and Marquette Frye is one example of this tension.
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The 1970s was a decade where the people lost a lot of trust in the government. Aspects like: President Nixon's resignation while facing impeachment, the Watergate Scandal, the strange end of the Vietnam War, made the people question the transparency of the govnment.
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During these times new strategies were implemented in policing. Those strategies include: Community-oriented policing (COP); Zero tolerance policing (ZTP); CompStat; Evidence-based policing (EBP); Hot spot policing (HSP).
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USA Patriot Act- With this act local and state law enforcement created departments to combat terrorism.
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The police reform brought a lot of changes to policing. Some of those changes are listed above
Police Departments across the country banned chokeholds and executing warrants unannounced in some circumstances.
We are also noticing police departments eliminating qualified immunity for officers.
Now officers have the duty to intervene when another officer is committing a crime.