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1548
Jesuits launched their first school
Jesuits believed that a high-quality education was the best path to meaningful lives of leadership and service. They adapted existing educational models and developed their own pedagogical methods to become "schoolmasters of Europe". -
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer, Pestalozzi, greatly influenced the development of the educational systems in Europe and America. His model emphasized the importance of providing a loving environment so the children could grow and flourish naturally, and asserted the education should be based on the child and not the curriculum. -
First use of the term andragogy
German educator Alexander Kapp first used the term andragogy. The term pedagogy had been used since Ancient Greek Times. -
First Kindergarten opened
Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel opens first infant school in Blankenburg, Prussia, called the Child Nurture and Activity Institute. He later renamed it Kindergarten, or "garden of children". He believed self-activity and play were essential factors in the education of children, and that the teacher's role was to encourage self-expression through these factors. -
Skinner publishes "The Behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis"
In his book, Skinner expressed his belief that individuals make associations between particular behaviors and consequences. As such, children try different behaviors and learn from their consequences. He called this method of learning through rewards and punishments for behavior operant conditioning. -
Individual Learning Styles
The idea of individualized "learning styles," or the specific method of learning that is presumed to allow a particular individual to learn best, began in the 1970's. Some learning styles include: auditory learning- learning best through hearing, visual learning- learning best through seeing, and kinesthetic learning- learning best when combined with physical movement. -
Hadley's Education Orientation Questionaire (EOQ)
The EOQ was developed by Hadley in his doctoral dissertation at Boston University. The EOQ contained 60 items, 30 andragogical and 30 pedagogical, to help assess an educator's orientation toward the constructs of andragogy or pedagogy. -
Knowles' first 4 assumptions of adult learners
Malcolm Shepherd Knowles made his first four assumptions of the characteristics of adult learners. These include Self-Concept, Adult Learner Experience, Readiness to Learn, and Orientation to Learning. -
Ronan's andragogy model program
Ronan developed a model program based on andragogy to find a way to bring illiterate or under-educated adults in Massachusetts into adult education programs. -
Adam and Aker
Adam and Aker examine psychological and physiological factors in adult learning and instruction. These included: (psychological) teaching and learning processes, stages and conditions of learning and instruction, learning and forgetting, tips for managing instruction, (physiological) the aging process, hearing, vision, learning, and performance. -
Knowles 4 principles of andragogy
Knowles recommended that there are four principles applied to adult learning: adults need to be involved in planning and evaluating of their instruction, experience provides the base for learning, adults are most interested in learning things that have immediate relevance in their life or work, and adult learning is problem-centered as opposed to content-oriented.
