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“The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.” Socrates was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is regarded as the founder of Western philosophy and the first moral philosopher in the Western ethical philosophical school of thought. He thought that virtue might be recognized, albeit he did not claim to be aware of it. He also believed that everyone who understands what virtue is must act virtuously. -
“Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.” Plato was an Athenian philosopher who founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world, during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Plato holds a virtue-based eudaemonistic view of ethics. That is, pleasure or well-being (eudaimonia) is the greatest goal of moral thinking and behavior, and the virtues are the necessary abilities and dispositions to achieve it. -
“The law is reason, devoid of passion.” Aristotle is regarded as one of the most important philosophers, having made significant contributions to logic, mathematics, ethics, and other fields. According to Aristotle, virtues are healthy habits that we develop in order to manage our emotions. Unlike Plato, he did not see virtues as basic knowledge in his philosophy. -
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy. His moral philosophy is freedom. Moral evaluation and moral responsibility, Kant reasoned, would be impossible without human freedom. Kant argues that if a person cannot behave otherwise, then his or her conduct has no moral value. -
“Bad men need nothing more to compass their ends, than that good men should look on and do nothing.” John Stuart Mill, sometimes known as J. S. Mill was a philosopher, political economist, Member of Parliament, and civil servant from England. The ethical theory of John Stuart Mill is most extensively articulated in his classical text Utilitarianism. This principle says actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote overall human happiness. -
“Scientific knowledge is a kind of discourse.” Jean-François Lyotard was a philosopher, sociologist, and literary theorist from France. According to Lyotard, events always occur in the face of what is not presentable to phenomenology, discourse, language game, or phrase regimen.