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Period: to
CARLOS IV
ABSOLUT MONARCHY The reign of Carlos IV of Spain was influenced by the impact that the French Revolution of July 1789 had on Spain and its later development, especially after Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinado_de_Carlos_IV_de_Espa%C3%B1a
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sd4cbUmE0K0 -
WAR WITH FRANCE
The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic. It pitted Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal from March 1793 to July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Pyrenees#:~:text=The%20War%20of%20the%20Pyrenees,during%20the%20French%20Revolutionary%20Wars.
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/O4tdz6aWpYU -
TREATY OF BASEL
The Treaty of Basel between the French Republic and the Monarchy of Charles IV of Spain, signed in the Swiss town of Basel, ended the War of the Convention.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Basilea_(22_de_julio_de_1795)
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C62wRFlRZy8 -
SECOND TREATY OF SAN ILDEFONSO
it was signed between the Spanish Empire and the First French Republic. Under the terms of the agreement, France and Spain would become allies and combine their forces against the Kingdom of Great Britain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso -
WAR OF THE ORANGES
It was a brief conflict in 1801 in which the Spanish forces, instigated by the government of France and finally supported by the French army. It was a precursor of the Peninsular Wars, resulting in the Treaty of Badajoz.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Oranges -
TREATY OF BADAJOZ
The Treaty of Badajoz was signed by Spain and Portugal. Portugal ceded the border city of Olivença to Spain and closed its ports to British commercial and military navigation. -
BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
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TREATY OF FONTAINEBLEAU
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau, France between King Charles IV of Spain and the French Emperor Napoleon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(October_1807)
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/ZmVnTEuRJHk -
MUTINY OF ARANJUEZ
The uprising in the city of Aranjuez was an uprising that occurred in the streets of this Madrid town. It was unleashed due to various causes motivated by the policy of Manuel Godoy, Secretary of State of Carlos IV. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%ADn_de_Aranjuez
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/1V3U70qf_rc -
SECOND OF MAY UPRISING
Was a rebellion by the people of Madrid against the occupation of the city by French troops, provoking repression by the French Imperial forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_de_Mayo_Uprising
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DJv9rUlwcY -
Period: to
INDEPENDENCE WAR
The Spanish War of Independence was a warlike conflict within the context of the Napoleonic wars, which pitted the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the First French Empire, whose intention was to install in the Spanish throne Napoleon's brother, José Bonaparte, after the abdications of Bayonne. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_la_Independencia_Espa%C3%B1ola
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/Cd0BGXycyhM -
ABDICATIONS OF BAYONNE
Series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to what the Spanish-speaking world calls the Guerra de la Independencia Española, which overlaps with the Peninsular War. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdications_of_Bayonne
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_RYiHz52Fk -
BATTLE OF BAILEN
This battle pitted the French army against the Spanish army and was the first defeat of the Napoleonic army. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Bail%C3%A9n
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/D8cAA2IB0Qo -
BATTLE OF ESPINOSA DE LOS MONETROS
It was fought on November 10 and 11, 1808, near the Burgos town of the same name in the Cantabrian Mountains, in which the Napoleonic troops under the command of General Claude Victor Perrin obtained the victory against Lieutenant General Joaquín Blake, head of the Army of Galicia, incorporated into the Army of the left, also under the command of Blake.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Espinosa_de_los_Monteros -
BATTLE OF SOMOSIERRA
Confrontation between Spain and the forces of Napoleon's Grande Armée during the Spanish War of Independence. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Somosierra -
UCLÉS' S BATTLE
The battle of Uclés is part of the War of Independence, within the more general framework of the Napoleonic Wars. This clash, in which the French and Spanish armies faced each other, took place in the Cuenca municipality of Uclés.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Ucl%C3%A9s_(1809)
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/8su9r2sVBtY -
BATTLE OF ELVIÑA
Battle of the Spanish War of Independence framed within the Napoleonic Wars. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Elvi%C3%B1a -
SURRENDER OF ZARAGOZA
As there were too many deaths and injuries during the Bailen war, Pedro María Ric (defense duke of Zaragoza) decided to sign the capitulation of Zaragoza with the Duke of Montebello (General of the Napoleonic troops) https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/ocio-cultura/2009/02/21/asi-rindio-zaragoza-1809-39906-1361024.html -
BATTLE OF CIUDAD REAL
It occurred between the Napoleonic and Spanish armies in Ciudad Real (now Castilla - La Mancha). https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Ciudad_Real -
PUENTESAMPAYO'S BATTLE
It was an armed confrontation of the Spanish War of Independence that took place in the Galician town of (Pontesampaio in Galician, currently belonging to the municipality of Pontevedra), between June 7 and 9, 1809.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Puentesampayo -
OCAÑA'S BATTLE
It was a military confrontation of the War of Spanish Independence. It took place next to the Toledo municipality of Ocaña. He faced a French army of about 40,000 infantrymen, 6,000 horses and numerous artillery under the command of Marshal Soult with another Spanish army of about 51,869 men, of which 5,766 were cavalry, with 55 artillery pieces under General Aréizaga.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Oca%C3%B1a -
INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
Between 1808 and 1826, all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped from the hands of the Iberian powers that had ruled the region since the conquest. https://www.britannica.com/place/Latin-America/The-independence-of-Latin-America
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=db36E0UMHgU -
PARLIAMENT OF CÁDIZ
The Parliament of Cadiz, also known as the Courts of Cadiz, were inaugurated by San Fernando in September 1810 and were transferred to Cadiz during the Spanish War of Independence. https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_de_C%C3%A1diz
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/KFe2FSfFTuo -
BATTLE OF RODRIGO'S CITY
It was a siege for the conquest of the homonymous Spanish city between the French and the allies. This siege is part of the series of sieges that occurred during the Spanish War of Independence. It last from 7 January to 20 January 1812.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitio_de_Ciudad_Rodrigo_(1812) -
CONSTITUTION OF CÁDIZ
It was one of the most important constitutions since it was the first in Spain and one of the most liberal for this time. It is also known, more informally as "la Pepa" https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1812
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/zzINbIXtFdU -
ARAPILES'S BATTLE
It is a battle of the Spanish War of Independence fought in the surroundings of the hills known as "Arapil Chico" and "Arapil Grande", in the municipality of Arapiles, south of the Spanish city of Salamanca.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_los_Arapiles
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/pZ02jl6Wh5Q -
INVASION OF SOUTHERN FRANCE
The Allies crossed the Pyrenees. The war continued in the south of France. There was fighting between the allied army made up of the Spanish, the Portuguese and the English against the French. There was looting of Spanish soldiers in French towns as revenge for the excesses previously committed by French troops in Spain. Finally, Napoleon asked for peace. The war ended in the same town where it had originated: Bayona. -
VITORIAS'S BATTLE
The battle of Vitoria was fought between the French troops escorting José Bonaparte on his escape and a conglomerate of British, Portuguese and Spanish troops under the command of Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Vitoria
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/bd3undXodsI -
BATTLE OF SAN MARCIAL
In the Battle of San Marcial The Spanish Fourth Army (of Galicia), under the command of General Freire, drove back the troops of Marshal Soult, who had launched the offensive against the allied Spanish army. Portuguese-British led by Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_San_Marcial_(1813)
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/p3tqqdFQLTg -
FRENCH RETREAT
After the defeat of Waterloo, Napoleon went to Paris and his enemies stole an important pistol from him, causing the end of his career after 20 years of victories and victories. They did not know what to do with Napoleon and wanted to distance him from Europe as much as possible, but Alexander I decided, at least, to give him the sovereignty of the island of Elba
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/EIXQWgs-XgM -
ANNULMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
The recently restored King Ferdinand VII decreed the dissolution of the Cortes, the repeal of the Constitution and the arrest of the Liberal deputies, https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1812#:~:text=El%204%20de%20mayo%20de%201814%20el%20reci%C3%A9n%20restaurado%20rey,el%20diputado%20Ram%C3%B3n%20Olaguer%20Feli%C3%BA.&text=No%20podr%C3%ADa%20consentirlo%20Fernando%20VII. -
Period: to
FERDINAND VII
He was the king of Spain during the first half of the 19th century. He reigned over the Kingdom of Spain in 1808 and again from 1813 until his death in 1833.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain -
TRIENIO LIBERAL
Is a period of three years in the modern history of Spain between 1820 and 1823, when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII. It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trienio_Liberal
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJD8Qb4hBqk -
HUNDRED THOUSAND SONS OF SAINT LOUIS
It was the popular name of a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII, to help the Spanish royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis -
PRAGMATIC SANCTION
Issued by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the Bourbon monarchy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1830#:~:text=The%20Pragmatic%20Sanction%20of%201830,the%20Bourbon%20monarchy%20(see%20also
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE-ZZwdTMA8 -
PRONOUNCEMENT LED BY TORRIJOS
It was a pronouncement headed by the general and liberal politician José María Torrijos that took place in 1831 in Spain at the end of the reign of Fernando VII and whose objective was to put an end to absolutism and restore the Constitution of 1812. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciamiento_de_Torrijos
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH7s00TvdfA -
FIRST CARLIST WAR
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840. It was fought between the conservative supporters of the late king's brother, or Carlos V, (Carlist) and the progressive supporters of the regent, María Cristina, representing Isabel II of Spain (Liberals). The goal of the Carlists was a return to an absolute monarchy, while the Liberals fought to defend the constitutional monarchy.
VIDEO:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEpeHtd-eq4 -
Period: to
ISABELLA II
Isabel II de Borbón, was Queen of Spain between 1833 and 1868, thanks to the Succession Regulation of 1713 (Salic Law) through the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830. This caused that Carlos, supported by absolutist groups (Carlist), tried to proclaim himself king during the agony of Fernando. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_II_de_Espa%C3%B1a
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/dST-Jp0bZ4w -
MAIA CRISTINA'S REGENCY
Maria Cristina had to take over the royal crown in Spain because the heir, her daughter (Isabel II), was a minor. Her reign was from 1833 to 1840. Maria Cristina faced the first Carlist war since they were against a reign that was not absolutist. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regencia_de_Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_de_Borb%C3%B3n#:~:text=La%20regencia%20de%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Cristina,Guerra%20Carlista%20desencadenada%20por%20los -
ESPARTERO'S REGENCY
General Baldomero Espartero won the "revolution of 1840" and decided to end the regency of Maria Cristina de Borbón, while Isabel II was still 9 years old, and assume the regency in her place. In 1843, when a civil and civic movement forced the exile of Espartero, the reign of Isabel II began with only 13 years. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regencia_de_Espartero -
CONSTITUTION
This constitution was the supreme norm during the reign of Isabel II and replaced the constitution of 1837, which was the supreme norm during her minority age. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1845
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/IJu0bQdIoZU -
SECOND CARLIST WAR
The Second Carlist War occurs from 1846 to 1849 in Catalonia and its main cause was the failure to marry the queen, Isabel II, with her cousin Carlos Luis de Borbón (the leader of the Carlists) and she ends up marrying his another cousin, Francisco de Asís de Borbón. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_carlista
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/x70NzvrDE8M -
Period: to
DEMOCRATIC ADMINISTRATION
Period in the contemporary history of Spain from the triumph of the revolution of September 1868 to the pronouncement of December 1874. It is divided into 3 or 4 stages:
- Spanish provisional government (1868-1871).
- Reign of Amadeo I (1871-1873).
- First Spanish Republic (1873-1874).
- Statement in December 1874 in Sagunto by General Arsenio Martínez Campos. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexenio_Democr%C3%A1tico
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/mHN6wsrX5Po -
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
This revolution broke out due to the search for a more democratic form of government than the way Queen Elizabeth II reigned. https://mundoantiguo.net/revolucion-la-gloriosa/ -
FIRST CUBAN WAR
This war began with "El Grito de Yara" and its objectives were the independence of Cuba and the abolition of slaves. This war ended 10 years later with "La Paz de Zajón", but in this treaty, the objectives of the war were not met, so some Cubans wanted to continue it with "La Guerra Chiquita". https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_de_los_Diez_A%C3%B1os#Causas_de_la_guerra
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/sVNdLSY1HDo -
CONSTITUTION
After the revolution of 1868, after the end of the reign of Isabel II, the Constitution of 1869 was approved and was in force during the reign of Amadeo I. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1869 -
MONARCHY OF AMADEO DE SABOYA
the reign of Amadeo I was the first attempt to put a parliamentary monarchy in Spain, but it was a failure because it only lasted 2 years. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinado_de_Amadeo_I_de_Espa%C3%B1a#:~:text=El%20reinado%20de%20Amadeo%20I,enero%20de%201871%2C%20en%20que
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/JR_pH4HsAac -
THIRD CARLIST WAR
The third Carlist war was a civil war in Spain from 1872 to 1876, between the supporters of Carlos (Duke of Madrid) Carlist pretender to the throne, and the governments of Amadeo I and Alfonso XII. Formerly it was known as "second civil war" and some contemporary historians (Jordi Canal) call it "second Carlist war." https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_guerra_carlista
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/HZ8u9NLJZhw -
FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC
The first Republic in Spain was characterized by the instability of the Government, since during the first months there were 4 presidents of the executive power until the coup of General Pavía gave way to a dictatorship led by General Serrano. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola#:~:text=La%20Primera%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20Espa%C3%B1ola%20fue,restauraci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20monarqu%C3%ADa%20borb%C3%B3nica.
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/umIcJyuQvrI -
CANTONAL REVOLUTION
This revolution lasted between 1873 and 1874 by the federal republicans who wanted to immediately establish the Federal Republic without waiting for the Constituent Courts to prepare and approve the new Federal Constitution. It occurs in Andalusia, Valencia, Murcia and other places in Spain. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%B3n_cantonal
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/sglCWj5nDV4 -
Period: to
THE BOURBON RESTORATION
Constitutional monarchy
Political stage in the history of Spain developed under a monarchical system that lasted between the end of 1874.
Its name comes from the recovery of the throne by the Bourbons after the democratic administration. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauraci%C3%B3n_borb%C3%B3nica_en_Espa%C3%B1a -
CONSTITUTION OF 1876
The Spanish Constitution of 1876 was promulgated on June 30, 1876 by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and was the basis of the Bourbon Restoration.
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_de_1876
VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/I4TgdzHt_Kc -
MELILLAN'S SECOND CAMPAIGN
The Second Melilla Campaign was a conflict in 1909 in Morocco around Melilla. The fighting involved local Rifians and the Spanish army.It last from 9 July to 4 December of1909
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Melillan_campaign -
ANNUAL'S BATLE
It was fought at Annual in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish army and Riffian Berber fighters during the Rif War. The Spanish suffered a great military defeat, almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Desastre de Annual which led to major political crises and a redefinition of Spanish colonial policy towards the Rif.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Annual -
DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO RIVERA
Military discontent, fear of anarchist terrorism or a proletarian revolution, and the rise of nationalist movements ultimately caused great upheaval among civilians and the military.Miguel Primo de Rivera, Captain General of Catalonia, orchestrated a coup, after issuing a manifesto blaming the problems of Spain on the parliamentary system. Alfonso XIII endorsed the General and appointed him Prime Minister..This dictatorship lasts from 1923 to 1930.
