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Written text to communicate
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Radio was first introduced in education in the 1920's in the USA (Bates, 2015)
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Satellite broadcasting became available at the higher education level to offer lectures to the masses (Bates, 2015).
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Television became a medium of choice for distance education in higher education.
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PLATO was an instructional system developed at the University of Illinois that allowed for "key on-line concepts: forums, message boards, online testing, e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multi-player games."
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According to Bate (2015) "in the 1990s the cost of creating and distributing video dropped dramatically due to digital compression and high-speed Internet access." Due to this drop in cost it led to the development of lecture capture systems (Bates, 2015)
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The Word Wide Web was formally launched in 1991 (Bates, 1991)
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After the launch of the world wide web 4 years late the Web enabled the development of the first learning management systems (LMSs). One of the first was WebCT, which later became Blackboard (Bates, 2015).
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Apple Inc. created iTunesU to serve as a site where videos and other digital information and materials on university instruction could be collected and downloaded free of charge by users (Bates, 2015)
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Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) were available at the higher education level for free with no formal assessment needed.
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Social Media is being used by students at the higher education level to form communities and is sometimes integrated into teaching (Bates, 2015)
