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From 1500 to 1608
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-The impact of economic activity on the organization of society and occupation of territory.
-Means of transportations: Canoes and Snowshoes
-Economic Role of Individuals (men=hunter, women=farmers, elderly watched after the children) -
The types of production according to different groups
-Trading system and notion of ownership
-Trade network between families, groups, and the various tribes (maps, potlatch) -
From 1608 to 1760
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-It is the influence of the system of chartered companies on the organization of society and territory (100 Associates)
-It's based on privileges (allowed to be the only ones with rights to the fur trade) and obligations (they were supposed to develop the colony) -
Mercantilism a way of financial organization theory….European Countries thought it was essential to possess as much gold as possible. You would accomplish this by exporting more than you import. Take in natural resources from colonies you had control over and sell finished goods.
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-New France => Started small but grew in size and small population. Sole purpose to export natural resources (furs) back to France.
-13 Colonies => Ramained the same size and a much larger population. Focused on diverse farming (tobacco, cotton, indigo) and also fur trading. -
-Subsistenting agriculture: Planting enough to provide for the family.
-Attempts by Jean Talon to diversify the economy failed due to simply too much demand for the fur trade and not enough people with different skills to diversify. -
From 1760 to 1867
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-The English now own the economy of Fur-Trade
-(1783) Creation of the North-West Company. Later on merged with the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821.
-Decline in the fur trade by the beginning of the 19th century. -
-Blockade by Napoleon in 1806 = Rise in the demand of timber
-(1817) In order to allow people to invest and obtain credit, the Bank of Montreal was created.
-News jobs: lumberjack, loggers, sawmills.
-Improvement and development of transportation: canals, railroads, steamships. -
The overpopulation of seigneuries led to the opening up of new regions.
-One of the causes of the development of new Regions is the Timber industry. -
-Trade with Britain was going well until they end it's preferential/protectionist treatment with Canada. They establish free trade.
-So Canada signs a Reciprocity treaty with the US in 1854. -
From 1867 to Today
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The National Policy was created by MacDonald:
Three main Points:
-Increase Custom Duties:
-Build Railways:
-Encourage Immigration. -
Phases of Industrial Development
-1st phase (1867-1900)
-2nd phase (1900-1930)
-War Period (1939-1945)
-Post-War Period (1945-1970) -
The impact of economic cycles on the organization of society and territory.
-Phases of economic growth (1st and 2nd phase of industrialization, 1st World War, Roaring twenties, 2nd World War and the Post-war period) -
World War 1: Canada had to fight => Britain told so. =>Conscription Crisis (you are made to join the army) (French didn't want to fight)
World War 2: Canada went to war on our own accord => Women's increased participation => Conscription crises again (They never saw war) => Natural increase and immigration/Baby Boom -
Canada entered into trade agreements iwth the USA (The Free Trade agreement of 1988) and also Mexico (NAFTA sign in 1993).
