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Slave Dred Scott lived in Louisiana where slavery was forbidden. He filed a lawsuit and lost claiming he was to be a free man. The court decided that Dred Scott could not be a citizen. Things that happened after were that people couldn't be freed just because they went to a free state. It was found the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. John McLean and Curtis were the only of the court to disagree claiming that Africans can be citizens since they could vote in five states. -
The 13th amendment abolished slavery. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction,"(Constitution). The 13th amendment came right after the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln played a prime role in having the bill passed through the house. This was 1/3 of the trio amendments to solve the issue of slavery.
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The 14th amendment gave citizenship to people born or naturalized in the U.S. This was a way to give citizenship to former slaves after the Civil War. Another importance I quote “nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws,”(Constitution). Applied the right to due process of law and equal protection of law to the states and federal government. ourdocuments.gov -
Black citizens were given the right to vote with the 15th amendment. The 15th Amendment was the last trio of trio to change the issue of slavery after Civil War. This amendment gave African Americans the power to hold office. Even after this last Amendment for slavery and African American rights there obviously were issues. It didn't put a barricade against possible hate against it like Jim Crow laws, and other formers of violent actions towards African Americans. ourdocument.gov -
Plessy v. Ferguson was important because it essentially established the constitutionality of racial segregation. As a controlling legal precedent, it prevented constitutional challenges to racial segregation for more than half a century until it was finally overturned by the U.S. -
This amendment allowed women the right to legally vote. This rule came a long way, since the 1800s women have organized, petition, protested, etc to get this right. Apparently many women remained unable to vote long into the 20th century because of discriminatory state voting laws.
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Live on TV john F. Kennedy urged the nation to equal treatment towards every African American. This Act was culminated by Lyndon Johnson after his assassination. The act outlawed segregation in everything public. Theatres, restaurants, bathrooms, hotels. It ended discriminatory practices and segregation in schools, libraries, etc. It was not easy getting this bill passed.
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In 1965 Lyndon Johnson used his political power to stimulate Congress to pass the voting rights bill of 1965. It outlawed literary tests made for black people in order to fail them to not vote. By the end of 1965 about 250,000 African Americans registered and voted
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Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71, was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that the administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. In Idaho, males must be preferred to females in appointing administrators of estates. The court held that the discrimination between men and women was unconstitutional. It was all on the basis of sex -
Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance Title IX states. Title IX applies to schools, local and state educational. group.
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In this case race to came be one of several factors in college admission policy. 35-year-old black man applies to colleges but gets denied twice even though his GPA and grades were far better than the non-minority students. He filed against the court that he was not admitted because of his race. It was very difficult on decision by the court as the Civil RIghts Act of1964 was brought up and same for 14th amendment. But it overall was held that the use of race for admission was permissible. -
The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. -
In this case, it was over the state bans on same-sex marriage and on recognizing same-sex marriages duly performed in other jurisdictions are unconstitutional under the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It was found by Anthony Kennedy that the right to marry is a fundamental right. The marriage clause is guaranteed by the equal protection clause. So same-sex couples have the fundamental right to marry.
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