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Frederick Griffith
Griffith was looking for how bacteria made people sick. He was studying pneumonia and how it caused a lung disease. He tested his experiment on mice, and he heated one and kept one of them cold. With his experiments Griffith discoved tranformation. He saw that the harmless bacteria transformed into the harmful bacteria. -
Oswald Avery
Avery repeated the experiment done by Griffith, and they wanted to find the molecule in the heat-killed bacteria that is most important in transformation. They discovered that nucleic acid DNA stored and transmitted the genetic information from generation to generation of the organisms. -
Erwin Chargaff
He discovered that guanine and cytosine bases connected and that adenine and thymine connected. This is known as Chargaff's rule. He didn't have any idea why this was so, but he knew it was correct. -
Linus Pauling and Robert Corey
Pauling used X-rays to examine the molecular structure of crystals. Pauling and Corey discovered the structure of a class of proteins to be a helix. -
Rosalind Franklin
Franklin used X-ray diffraction to get information about the structure of the DNA molecule. She stretched out the DNA fibers so they were basically parallel, and then she used a powerful X-ray beam at the samples of DNA. When the DNA patterns were clear, the scientists had clues about the structure of DNA. -
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Hershey and Chase tried to discover whether the protein coat or the DNA core entered the infected the cell. When they figured this out they would know whether the genes were made of protein or DNA. They tracked the bacteriophage by using a radioactive test. They concluded that the genetic material from the bacteriophage was DNA and not protein. -
James Watson and Francis Crick
Watson and Crick were trying to find the structure of DNA by building a 3-D model of it. They kept trying to find out the structure of DNA by stretching and twisting their model. When they saw Franklin's X-ray pattern they immediately used the clues to figure it out. -
Sydney Brenner
Brenner and his coworkers showed the existence of messenger RNA. He showed how amino acid order in proteins are determined. -
Walter Gilbert
Gilbert and his coworkers learned how to read the DNA sequence. He learned about messenger RNA, and then started to learn about the biggest question in science, DNA. -
Human Genome Project
The HGP was an attempt to identify about 20,000 genes in the DNA. They also tried to improve tools to discover more things about genes and DNA. -
Bibliography
"About the Human Genome Project." Oak Ridge National Laboratory. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, 19 Sept. 2011. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/project/about.shtml. -
Bibliography
Wiegand, Susan. "Walter Gilbert (1932 - )." Access Excellence @ the National Health Museum. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Walter_Gilbert.php. -
Bibliography
"Salk Institute - Faculty & Research - Faculty -Sydney Brenner." Salk Institute | Where Cures Begin. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 2012. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. http://salk.edu/faculty/brenner.html. -
Bibliography
"Linus Pauling." Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography. Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Web. 8 Jan. 2012. http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/linuspauling.html. -
Bibliography
"Erwin Chargaff – Biography." Macroevolution.net. Macroevolution.net. Web. 08 Jan. 2012. http://www.macroevolution.net/erwin-chargaff.html. -
Honor Code
I have abided by the HFA honor code in completing this assignment.
Dominic Voehler